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A Rule-Based Heuristic Approach for Effective Madurese Slang Normalization

IJCCS (Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems) · Vol. 20 No. 3 (2026) · pp. 259–270

DOI
10.22146/ijccs.113716
ISSN
2460-7258, 1978-1520
Published
2026-07-31
Publisher
IndoCEISS in colaboration with Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstract

Madurese slang on social media presents significant challenges for natural language processing due to its systematic yet unconventional alterations in spelling and pronunciation, for example, “bbh” becoming “pp” or “jh” turning into “cc”. Traditional string-matching techniques struggle with these transformations. This study evaluates four normalization approaches: standard string similarity models such as Jaro–Winkler and Levenshtein, Metaphone, hybrid strategies, and a novel heuristic-based method specifically designed for Madurese. We conducted experiments on a dataset of 105 slang–standard word pairs, assessing each method’s ability to accurately map slang to its standard form, both for top-1 and top-3 candidate matches. Results indicate that heuristic-based models significantly outperform generic methods. Notably, a combination of our heuristic approach with Levenshtein achieved 86.67% accuracy for Top-1 matches, while pairing the heuristic with Jaro–Winkler reached 91.43% accuracy for top-3 matches. These findings underscore the effectiveness of incorporating language-specific rules for normalization in morphophonemically complex, low-resource languages. Our proposed rule-based system offers a practical and adaptable solution for handling Madurese slang, highlighting the superiority of tailored heuristics over generic models in such contexts.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

3 authors · 3 co-authorship links · 2 across different organisations

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  • State University of Malang
  • Universitas Madura
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
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Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijccs/oai, first harvested 26 Okt 2026, last seen 26 Okt 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc)
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">A Rule-Based Heuristic Approach for Effective Madurese Slang Normalization</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Arifin, Mohammad Nazir</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Wibawa, Aji Prasetya</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Putra, Fauzan Prasetyo Eka</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Text Normalization; Madurese Language; Low-resource NLP; String Similarity Metrics; Linguistic Heuristics; Orthographic Variation; Slang Processing</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Heuristic Normalization; Madurese Language; Low-Resource NLP; Slang Normalization; String Similarity</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Madurese slang on social media presents significant challenges for natural language processing due to its systematic yet unconventional alterations in spelling and pronunciation, for example, “bbh” becoming “pp” or “jh” turning into “cc”. Traditional string-matching techniques struggle with these transformations. This study evaluates four normalization approaches: standard string similarity models such as Jaro–Winkler and Levenshtein, Metaphone, hybrid strategies, and a novel heuristic-based method specifically designed for Madurese. We conducted experiments on a dataset of 105 slang–standard word pairs, assessing each method’s ability to accurately map slang to its standard form, both for top-1 and top-3 candidate matches. Results indicate that heuristic-based models significantly outperform generic methods. Notably, a combination of our heuristic approach with Levenshtein achieved 86.67% accuracy for Top-1 matches, while pairing the heuristic with Jaro–Winkler reached 91.43% accuracy for top-3 matches. These findings underscore the effectiveness of incorporating language-specific rules for normalization in morphophonemically complex, low-resource languages. Our proposed rule-based system offers a practical and adaptable solution for handling Madurese slang, highlighting the superiority of tailored heuristics over generic models in such contexts.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">IndoCEISS in colaboration with Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.</dc:publisher>
	<dc:contributor xml:lang="en-US"></dc:contributor>
	<dc:date>2026-07-31</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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	<dc:identifier>https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijccs/article/view/113716</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.22146/ijccs.113716</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">IJCCS (Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems); Vol 20, No 3 (2026): July; 259-270</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2460-7258</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1978-1520</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijccs/article/view/113716/44940</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2026 IJCCS (Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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