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Interleukin-6 (IL-6) as a Marker of Endothelial Dysfunction Confirmed Using Flow Mediated Dilatation in Active Smoker

Heart Science Journal · Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024) · hlm. 14–17

DOI
10.21776/ub/hsj.2024.005.01.4
ISSN
2721-9984, 2721-9976
Terbit
2024-01-31
Penerbit
Universitas Brawijaya
Bahasa
en

Abstrak

Background: The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is thought to be the catalyst for endothelial dysfunction caused by smoking. Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) is a non-invasive method to identify the development of blood vessel endothelial dysfunction at an early stage. However, several studies have not sufficiently explained how smoking and IL-6 interact.Objective: This study focuses on the role of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the process of endothelial dysfunction confirmed using non-invasive modalities such as Flow Mediated Dilatation (FMD) in smokers related to the risk of cardiovascular disease in the future with the hope of providing insight in education to smokers to quit smoking.Material and Methods: In this study, we gathered 116 male participants, of which 56 were nonsmokers, and 60 were smokers, and we used IL-6 and FMD testing. SPSS for Windows version 23 will be used to analyze the data.Result: According to the analysis of laboratory tests, the average IL-6 level in light smokers was 67.7±3.2 and in moderate smokers it was 95.1±11.0; with a p-value of 0.009, indicating a significant difference among the groups. The average FMD in the smoking group was 5.4±0.4% (p-value 0.000), whereas the average FMD in the non-smoker samples was 10.9±0.9%. We also looked at the average FMD among light and moderate smokers based on Brinkman Index, which was 5.5±0.4% and 5.0±0.4%, with a p-value of 0.780, indicating no significant difference between the groupsConclusion: Compared to non-smokers, this study demonstrates a correlation between IL-6 and smoking activity. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the prevalence of endothelial dysfunction and the degree of smoking dependence in this investigation.

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Mohammad Saifur RohmanAfiliasi tidak diketahui39
Ardian RizalAfiliasi tidak diketahui25
Anna Fuji RahimahAfiliasi tidak diketahui24
Djanggan SargowoAfiliasi tidak diketahui22
Budi SatrijoAfiliasi tidak diketahui21
Heny MartiniAfiliasi tidak diketahui19
Setyasih AnjarwaniAfiliasi tidak diketahui15
Indra PrasetyaAfiliasi tidak diketahui13
Evit RuspionoAfiliasi tidak diketahui6
Yoga WaranugrahaAfiliasi tidak diketahui5
Seprian WidasmaraAfiliasi tidak diketahui5
Adhika Prastya WikanandaAfiliasi tidak diketahui5
Sawitri SatwikajatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui5
Putri Annisa KamilaUniversity of Brawijaya4
Tonny AdriyantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui4
Muhammad Rizki FadlanAfiliasi tidak diketahui4
Dyah Ayu IkeningrumAfiliasi tidak diketahui4
Zainal FathurohimAfiliasi tidak diketahui4
Wella KarolinaAfiliasi tidak diketahui4
Saskia Dyah HandariAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Valerinna YogibuanaAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Ayu Asri Devi AdityawatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Oktafin Srywati PamunaAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Ardhani GalihAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Imam Mi'raj SuprayogaAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Dea Arie KurniawanAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Dedy IrawanAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Imelda KrisnasariAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Dadang HendrawanAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Irma KameliaAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Ratna PancasariAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Fahmy RusnantaAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Aloysius Yuwono SupraptaAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Tri AstiawatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://heartscience.ub.ac.id/index.php/heartscience/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Interleukin-6 (IL-6) as a Marker of Endothelial Dysfunction Confirmed Using Flow Mediated Dilatation in Active Smoker</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Wicaksono, Arif</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Kurnianingsih, Novi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Tjahjono, Cholid Tri</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Widito, Sasmojo</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Swastikaputri, Valerina Yogibuana</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Wihastuti, Titin Andri</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Active Smoker</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Endothelial Function</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Flow Medicated Dilatation</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Interleukin-6</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Background: The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is thought to be the catalyst for endothelial dysfunction caused by smoking. Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) is a non-invasive method to identify the development of blood vessel endothelial dysfunction at an early stage. However, several studies have not sufficiently explained how smoking and IL-6 interact.Objective: This study focuses on the role of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the process of endothelial dysfunction confirmed using non-invasive modalities such as Flow Mediated Dilatation (FMD) in smokers related to the risk of cardiovascular disease in the future with the hope of providing insight in education to smokers to quit smoking.Material and Methods: In this study, we gathered 116 male participants, of which 56 were nonsmokers, and 60 were smokers, and we used IL-6 and FMD testing. SPSS for Windows version 23 will be used to analyze the data.Result: According to the analysis of laboratory tests, the average IL-6 level in light smokers was 67.7±3.2 and in moderate smokers it was 95.1±11.0; with a p-value of 0.009, indicating a significant difference among the groups. The average FMD in the smoking group was 5.4±0.4% (p-value 0.000), whereas the average FMD in the non-smoker samples was 10.9±0.9%. We also looked at the average FMD among light and moderate smokers based on Brinkman Index, which was 5.5±0.4% and 5.0±0.4%, with a p-value of 0.780, indicating no significant difference between the groupsConclusion: Compared to non-smokers, this study demonstrates a correlation between IL-6 and smoking activity. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the prevalence of endothelial dysfunction and the degree of smoking dependence in this investigation.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Brawijaya</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2024-01-31</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://heartscience.ub.ac.id/index.php/heartscience/article/view/12688</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.21776/ub/hsj.2024.005.01.4</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Heart Science Journal; Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease; 14-17</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2721-9984</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2721-9976</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.21776/ub.hsj.2024.005.01</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://heartscience.ub.ac.id/index.php/heartscience/article/view/12688/391</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2024 Arif Wicaksono, Novi Kurnianingsih, cholid Tri Tjahjono, Sasmojo Widito, Valerina Yogibuana Swastikaputri</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>