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Anemia incidence and nutritional status in children with uncorrected congenital heart disease at a teaching hospital in a developing country

Heart Science Journal · Vol. 7 No. 3 (2026) · hlm. 62–68

DOI
10.21776/ub.hsj.2026.007.03.10
ISSN
2721-9984, 2721-9976
Terbit
2026-07-14
Penerbit
Universitas Brawijaya
Bahasa
en
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Abstrak

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) remains a major contributor to pediatric morbidity and mortality, accounting for an estimated 251,247 infant deaths globally in 2017. In Indonesia, the incidence is approximately 8 per 1,000 live births. Both cyanotic and acyanotic CHD can impair nutritional status, while malnutrition may predispose to anemia and worsen clinical outcomes. Objective: To compare anemia prevalence and nutritional status between children with cyanotic and acyanotic CHD and to identify factors associated with anemia. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed medical records of pediatric CHD patients at Adam Malik Hospital, Medan, Indonesia, from 2023 to 2024. Nutritional status was assessed using standard anthropometric indices. Group comparisons were performed using the Mann–Whitney U and chi-square tests. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of anemia. Result: A total of 170 patients were included, equally distributed between cyanotic and acyanotic CHD. Tetralogy of Fallot (35.9%) was the most common diagnosis. Severe underweight was observed in 38.8% of patients, while most had normal height-for-age, weight-for-height, and BMI-for-age. Anemia was significantly less frequent in cyanotic than acyanotic CHD (22.4% vs 63.5%, p < 0.001). No significant differences in overall nutritional status were found between groups. However, weight-for-height was independently associated with anemia, indicating the role of acute malnutrition. Conclusion: Anemia differs between cyanotic and acyanotic CHD despite similar nutritional status. Acute malnutrition appears to be a key determinant, highlighting the importance of early nutritional assessment.

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  • National Cheng Kung University
  • Universitas Internasional Semen Indonesia
  • Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Angkatan Laut
  • Riau University
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Artya LathifahNational Cheng Kung University1
Muhammad Dliya’ul HaqNational Cheng Kung University1
Christoph Lorenz ReimannNational Cheng Kung University1
Yudi Agus SetiawanSekolah Tinggi Teknologi Angkatan Laut1
Yulianita Pratiwi Indah LestariAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Raudatul PatimahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
YuspaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
MuhammadAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Rahmalisa HafifahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Soraya AldeinaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Siti MursyidahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Hikmah FitrianiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Maulinda Nur Pramudyas Primia SetyaningrumAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Salman JumailiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Yuliusman YuliusmanAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Lutfi Fahrul RizalAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Chaerul ShalehAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Dedi IrawanRiau University1
Okfalisa OkfalisaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Romi Fadli SyahputraAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Saktioto SaktiotoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Syamsudhuha SyamsudhuhaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Haryana HairiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Defrianto DefriantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Andika ThoibahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Yan SoerbaktiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1

Afiliasi berasal dari OpenAlex; metadata OAI-PMH jurnal tidak memuatnya. Penulis tanpa ID OpenAlex dicocokkan berdasarkan nama, sehingga dua orang bisa tergabung atau satu orang bisa terpisah.

Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://heartscience.ub.ac.id/index.php/heartscience/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Anemia incidence and nutritional status in children with uncorrected congenital heart disease at a teaching hospital in a developing country</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Amelia, Putri</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en"> Lubis, Nydia Akrami</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en"> Efendy, Elmeida</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Amelia, Rina </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Kannady, Johnson</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Acyanotic</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">cyanotic</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">hemoglobin</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">anemia</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">nutritional status</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) remains a major contributor to pediatric morbidity and mortality, accounting for an estimated 251,247 infant deaths globally in 2017. In Indonesia, the incidence is approximately 8 per 1,000 live births. Both cyanotic and acyanotic CHD can impair nutritional status, while malnutrition may predispose to anemia and worsen clinical outcomes.
Objective: To compare anemia prevalence and nutritional status between children with cyanotic and acyanotic CHD and to identify factors associated with anemia.
Methods: This retrospective study analyzed medical records of pediatric CHD patients at Adam Malik Hospital, Medan, Indonesia, from 2023 to 2024. Nutritional status was assessed using standard anthropometric indices. Group comparisons were performed using the Mann–Whitney U and chi-square tests. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of anemia.
Result: A total of 170 patients were included, equally distributed between cyanotic and acyanotic CHD. Tetralogy of Fallot (35.9%) was the most common diagnosis. Severe underweight was observed in 38.8% of patients, while most had normal height-for-age, weight-for-height, and BMI-for-age. Anemia was significantly less frequent in cyanotic than acyanotic CHD (22.4% vs 63.5%, p &amp;lt; 0.001). No significant differences in overall nutritional status were found between groups. However, weight-for-height was independently associated with anemia, indicating the role of acute malnutrition.
Conclusion: Anemia differs between cyanotic and acyanotic CHD despite similar nutritional status. Acute malnutrition appears to be a key determinant, highlighting the importance of early nutritional assessment.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Brawijaya</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-07-14</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://heartscience.ub.ac.id/index.php/heartscience/article/view/20349</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.21776/ub.hsj.2026.007.03.10</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Heart Science Journal; Vol. 7 No. 3 (2026): Predicting Restenosis in Coronary Artery Disease; 62-68</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2721-9984</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2721-9976</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.21776/ub.hsj.2026.007.03</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://heartscience.ub.ac.id/index.php/heartscience/article/view/20349/602</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Putri Amelia, Nydia Akrami  Lubis, Elmeida  Efendy, Rina  Amelia</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>