When bones meet blood vessels: BMP-2 expression and vascular calcification in a rat model of metabolic syndrome

Sihotang, Fransiska Anggreni; Rohman, Muhammad Saifur; Satrijo, Budi; Sargowo, Djanggan; Rizal, Ardian

doi:10.21776/ub.hsj.2026.007.02.14

Akses terbuka Jurnal SINTA 1

When bones meet blood vessels: BMP-2 expression and vascular calcification in a rat model of metabolic syndrome

Heart Science Journal · Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026) · hlm. 91–98

DOI: 10.21776/ub.hsj.2026.007.02.14
ISSN: 2721-9984, 2721-9976
Terbit: 2026-04-26
Penerbit: Universitas Brawijaya
Bahasa: en
Lisensi: creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Abstrak

Background: Vascular calcification (VC) is a significant contributor to cardiovascular morbidity, particularly in conditions like metabolic syndrome (MetS). Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2) is implicated in the osteogenic differentiation of vascular cells, potentially linking MetS to VC. Objective: This study aimed to investigate aortic BMP-2 expression and the presence of VC in a rat model of MetS and assess the effects of Metformin, Empagliflozin, and a green tea/green coffee extract combination. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced with MetS using a high-fat, high-sucrose diet combined with a low-dose streptozotocin injection (30 mg/kgBW). Rats were divided into five groups (n=5): Normal control (NORM), MetS (METS), MetS + Metformin (MFN, 500 mg/kgBW), MetS + Empagliflozin (EMP, 30 mg/kgBW), and MetS + GTCE (300 mg/kgBW green tea + 200 mg/kgBW green coffee). Treatments were administered daily via oral gavage for 9 weeks. Result: Aortic tissue was collected for histological analysis and qRT-PCR to measure relative BMP-2 mRNA expression. Histological analysis revealed calcification in the aortic wall of the METS group rats. Compared to the NORM group, BMP-2 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in the METS group (p<0.001). Treatment with MFN, EMP, and GTCE significantly downregulated BMP-2 mRNA expression compared to the METS group (p<0.001 for all). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that MetS induction in this rat model might promotes aortic calcification and significantly increases BMP-2 mRNA expression. Pharmacological interventions with Metformin, Empagliflozin, and green tea/coffee extract attenuated the MetS-induced upregulation of BMP-2 expression. These findings suggest a potential role for BMP-2 in MetS-associated vascular changes.

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University of Brawijaya
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Rekan penulis	Organisasi	Artikel bersama
Mohammad Saifur Rohman	University of Brawijaya	44
Anna Fuji Rahimah	University of Brawijaya	26
Novi Kurnianingsih	University of Brawijaya	25
Setyasih Anjarwani	University of Brawijaya	23
Indra Prasetya	University of Brawijaya	21
Sasmojo Widito	University of Brawijaya	20
Cholid Tri Tjahjono	University of Brawijaya	20
Heny Martini	University of Brawijaya	11
Yoga Waranugraha	University of Brawijaya	8
Wella Karolina	University of Brawijaya	5
Muhammad Rizki Fadlan	University of Brawijaya	5
Putri Annisa Kamila	University of Brawijaya	5
Adhika Prastya Wikananda	University of Brawijaya	4
Olivia Handayani	University of Brawijaya	4
Anna Fuji Rahimah	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	4
Valerinna Yogibuana Swastika Putri	University of Brawijaya	4
Shalahuddin Suryo Baskoro	University of Brawijaya	4
Icmi Dian Rochmawati	University of Brawijaya	3
Dadang Hendrawan	University of Brawijaya	3
Dea Arie Kurniawan	University of Brawijaya	3
Anita Surya Santoso	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	3
Harris Kristanto	University of Brawijaya	3
Valerinna Yogibuana	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	3
Teguh Aryanugraha	University of Brawijaya	3
Nikhen Noverike	University of Brawijaya	3
Taufieq Ridlo Makhmud	University of Brawijaya	3
Faris Wahyu Nugroho	University of Brawijaya	3
Imam Mi'raj Suprayoga	University of Brawijaya	3
Puspa Lestari	University of Brawijaya	2
Fahmy Rusnanta	University of Brawijaya	2
Fitranti Suciati Laitupa	University of Brawijaya	2
Tri Astiawati	University of Brawijaya	2
Seprian Widasmara	University of Brawijaya	2
Ayu Asri Devi Adityawati	University of Brawijaya	2
Yudi Putra Apriditya	University of Brawijaya	2

Afiliasi berasal dari OpenAlex; metadata OAI-PMH jurnal tidak memuatnya. Penulis tanpa ID OpenAlex dicocokkan berdasarkan nama, sehingga dua orang bisa tergabung atau satu orang bisa terpisah.

Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://heartscience.ub.ac.id/index.php/heartscience/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.

Metadata asli (oai_dc)

<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">When bones meet blood vessels: BMP-2 expression and vascular calcification in a rat model of metabolic syndrome</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sihotang, Fransiska Anggreni</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Rohman, Muhammad Saifur</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Satrijo, Budi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sargowo, Djanggan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Rizal, Ardian </dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">vascular calcification</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">metabolic syndrome</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">bone morphogenetic protein</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">metformin</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">empagliflozin</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">green tea green coffee extract</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Background: Vascular calcification (VC) is a significant contributor to cardiovascular morbidity, particularly in conditions like metabolic syndrome (MetS). Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2) is implicated in the osteogenic differentiation of vascular cells, potentially linking MetS to VC.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate aortic BMP-2 expression and the presence of VC in a rat model of MetS and assess the effects of Metformin, Empagliflozin, and a green tea/green coffee extract combination.
Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced with MetS using a high-fat, high-sucrose diet combined with a low-dose streptozotocin injection (30 mg/kgBW). Rats were divided into five groups (n=5): Normal control (NORM), MetS (METS), MetS + Metformin (MFN, 500 mg/kgBW), MetS + Empagliflozin (EMP, 30 mg/kgBW), and MetS + GTCE (300 mg/kgBW green tea + 200 mg/kgBW green coffee). Treatments were administered daily via oral gavage for 9 weeks.
Result: Aortic tissue was collected for histological analysis and qRT-PCR to measure relative BMP-2 mRNA expression. Histological analysis revealed calcification in the aortic wall of the METS group rats. Compared to the NORM group, BMP-2 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in the METS group (p&amp;lt;0.001). Treatment with MFN, EMP, and GTCE significantly downregulated BMP-2 mRNA expression compared to the METS group (p&amp;lt;0.001 for all).
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that MetS induction in this rat model might promotes aortic calcification and significantly increases BMP-2 mRNA expression. Pharmacological interventions with Metformin, Empagliflozin, and green tea/coffee extract attenuated the MetS-induced upregulation of BMP-2 expression. These findings suggest a potential role for BMP-2 in MetS-associated vascular changes.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Brawijaya</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-04-26</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://heartscience.ub.ac.id/index.php/heartscience/article/view/20405</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.21776/ub.hsj.2026.007.02.14</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Heart Science Journal; Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): The Evolving Landscape of Heart Failure; 91-98</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2721-9984</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2721-9976</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.21776/ub.hsj.2026.007.02</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://heartscience.ub.ac.id/index.php/heartscience/article/view/20405/585</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Fransiska Anggreni Sihotang, M Saifur Rohman, Budi Satrijo, Djanggan Sargowo, Ardian  Rizal</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>