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The impact of combined decaffeinated green coffee and green tea, metformin, and empagliflozin on SAMD11 mRNA expression in vascular calcification associated with metabolic syndrome in Sprague Dawley rats

Heart Science Journal · Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026) · hlm. 53–57

DOI
10.21776/ub.hsj.2026.007.01.9
ISSN
2721-9984, 2721-9976
Terbit
2026-01-31
Penerbit
Universitas Brawijaya
Bahasa
en
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Abstrak

Background: Vascular calcification, a common complication of metabolic syndrome, increases cardiovascular risk, and SAMD11 may be implicated in its development. Improving blood glucose with metformin, empagliflozin or a combination of decaffeinated green tea and green coffee may improve metabolic syndrome which may ultimately lead to SAMD11 expression. However, the precise mechanisms by which SAMD11 play a role on vascular calcification in metabolic syndrome remain unknown. Objective: This study investigated the effect of combined decaffeinated green coffee and green tea, metformin and empagliflozin on SAMD11 mRNA expression in metabolic syndrome-induced vascular calcification. Methods: Twenty-five 12-week-old male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to five groups: control, metabolic syndrome (MetS), combine decaffeinated green tea 300 mg/kgBW and green coffee 200 mg/KgBW treatment, metformin 500 mg/kgBW treatment, and empagliflozin 30 mg/KgBW treatment. MetS was induced using established procedures. Vascular calcification and aortic SAMD11 mRNA expression were assessed via HE staining and RT-PCR, respectively. Result: Induction of metabolic syndrome in SD rats successfully led to vascular calcification. Metabolic syndrome induction significantly increased SAMD11 mRNA expression (p=0.018), an effect that was reversed by treatment with metformin (p=0.002) and empagliflozin (p=0.005). While a combination of decaffeinated green tea and green coffee showed a reduction in SAMD11 mRNA expression, but this reduction was not statistically significant (p=0.066). Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome may promote vascular calcification by enhancing SAMD11 mRNA expression. Controlling hyperglycaemia, a characteristic of metabolic syndrome, with metformin and empagliflozin, reduced SAMD11 mRNA expression. Potential hyperglycaemic control by decaffeinated green tea and green coffee did not changes SAMD11 mRNA expression.

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  • University of Brawijaya
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Ratna PancasariAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Indra PrasetyaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Cholid Tri TjahjonoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Putri Annisa KamilaUniversity of Brawijaya1
Krishna Ari NugrahaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Irma Kamelia PratiwiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Fandy Hazzy AlfattaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Teguh AryanugrahaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Muhamad Bayu AjiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ayu Asri DeviAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Nani MaharaniAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Udin BahrudinAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ichiro HisatomeAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Peili LiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Masanari KuwabaraAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Haruaki NinomiyaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://heartscience.ub.ac.id/index.php/heartscience/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">The impact of combined decaffeinated green coffee and green tea, metformin, and empagliflozin on SAMD11 mRNA expression in vascular calcification associated with metabolic syndrome in Sprague Dawley rats</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Taufiq, Fikri</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Saifur Rohman, Mohammad</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Fuji Rahimah, Anna</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Vascular calcification</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">metabolic syndrome</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">SAMD11</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Background: Vascular calcification, a common complication of metabolic syndrome, increases cardiovascular risk, and SAMD11 may be implicated in its development. Improving blood glucose with metformin, empagliflozin or a combination of decaffeinated green tea and green coffee may improve metabolic syndrome which may ultimately lead to SAMD11 expression. However, the precise mechanisms by which SAMD11 play a role on vascular calcification in metabolic syndrome remain unknown.
Objective: This study investigated the effect of combined decaffeinated green coffee and green tea, metformin and empagliflozin on SAMD11 mRNA expression in metabolic syndrome-induced vascular calcification.
Methods: Twenty-five 12-week-old male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to five groups: control, metabolic syndrome (MetS), combine decaffeinated green tea 300 mg/kgBW and green coffee 200 mg/KgBW treatment, metformin 500 mg/kgBW treatment, and empagliflozin 30 mg/KgBW treatment. MetS was induced using established procedures. Vascular calcification and aortic SAMD11 mRNA expression were assessed via HE staining and RT-PCR, respectively.
Result: Induction of metabolic syndrome in SD rats successfully led to vascular calcification. Metabolic syndrome induction significantly increased SAMD11 mRNA expression (p=0.018), an effect that was reversed by treatment with metformin (p=0.002) and empagliflozin (p=0.005). While a combination of decaffeinated green tea and green coffee showed a reduction in SAMD11 mRNA expression, but this reduction was not statistically significant (p=0.066).
Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome may promote vascular calcification by enhancing SAMD11 mRNA expression. Controlling hyperglycaemia, a characteristic of metabolic syndrome, with metformin and empagliflozin, reduced SAMD11 mRNA expression. Potential hyperglycaemic control by decaffeinated green tea and green coffee did not changes SAMD11 mRNA expression.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Brawijaya</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-01-31</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://heartscience.ub.ac.id/index.php/heartscience/article/view/20533</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.21776/ub.hsj.2026.007.01.9</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Heart Science Journal; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): Accelerating Clinical Breakthroughs: The Journey from Molecular Discovery to Patient Care; 53-57</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2721-9984</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2721-9976</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.21776/ub.hsj.2026.007.01</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://heartscience.ub.ac.id/index.php/heartscience/article/view/20533/557</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Fikri Taufiq, Mohammad Saifur Rohman, Anna Fuji Rahimah</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>