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Regulatory RNAs and coronary artery calcification: A systematic review of clinical associations and biological insights

Heart Science Journal · Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026) · hlm. 43–51

DOI
10.21776/ub.hsj.2026.007.02.7
ISSN
2721-9984, 2721-9976
Terbit
2026-04-26
Penerbit
Universitas Brawijaya
Bahasa
en
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Abstrak

BACKGROUND: Regulatory RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), have emerged as key regulators of vascular remodelling and coronary heart disease. However, their specific roles in coronary artery calcification (CAC) remain fragmented across diverse clinical studies. OBJECTIVES: This review aims to systematically synthesize human observational evidence on differentially expressed regulatory RNAs associated with CAC and their underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS: We included clinical observational studies (case-control, cross-sectional, or cohort designs) that compared regulatory RNA expression in patients with and without CAC. We searched PubMed, BioMed Central, Wiley, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane between January 2010 and June 2025. Risk of bias was assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Observational Studies. Data were synthesized narratively with stratification by RNA type, direction of expression, and biological mechanism. RESULTS: A total of 10 eligible studies were included. Several regulatory RNAs demonstrated potential as biomarkers or modulators of CAC. However, the diversity of regulatory RNAs highlights the complex and multifactorial nature of CAC, while also revealing opportunities for future investigation. CONCLUSION: Notably, circSmad4 demonstrated a favourable trend with a high AUC and a reasonably balanced mix of sensitivity and specificity, despite with relatively larger sample sizes.

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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Cholid Tri TjahjonoUniversity of Brawijaya22
Ardian RizalUniversity of Brawijaya22
Anna Fuji RahimahUniversity of Brawijaya21
Budi SatrijoUniversity of Brawijaya20
Indra PrasetyaUniversity of Brawijaya17
Setyasih AnjarwaniUniversity of Brawijaya17
Novi KurnianingsihUniversity of Brawijaya13
Djanggan SargowoUniversity of Brawijaya12
Sasmojo WiditoUniversity of Brawijaya11
Heny MartiniUniversity of Brawijaya11
Adhika Prastya WikanandaUniversity of Brawijaya6
Tri AstiawatiUniversity of Brawijaya5
Dadang HendrawanUniversity of Brawijaya5
Muhammad Rizki FadlanUniversity of Brawijaya4
Wella KarolinaUniversity of Brawijaya4
Oktivani Adelathifa RahmaUniversity of Brawijaya4
Putri Annisa KamilaUniversity of Brawijaya3
Fandy HazzyUniversity of Brawijaya3
Hayla Iqda MillisaniUniversity of Brawijaya3
Veny KurniawatiUniversity of Brawijaya3
Fitranti Suciati LaitupaUniversity of Brawijaya3
Ratna PancasariUniversity of Brawijaya3
Ayu Asri Devi AdityawatiUniversity of Brawijaya3
Tonny AdriyantoUniversity of Brawijaya2
Olivia HandayaniUniversity of Brawijaya2
Fahmy RusnantaUniversity of Brawijaya2
Oktafin Srywati PamunaUniversity of Brawijaya2
Anna Fuji RahimahAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Imelda KrisnasariUniversity of Brawijaya2
Krishna Ari NugrahaUniversity of Brawijaya2
Seprian WidasmaraUniversity of Brawijaya2
Puspa LestariUniversity of Brawijaya2

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://heartscience.ub.ac.id/index.php/heartscience/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Regulatory RNAs and coronary artery calcification: A systematic review of clinical associations and biological insights</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Tsuraya, Alfi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Raras, Tri Yudani Mardining</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Lestari, Bayu</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ramadhani, Risa</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Hose, Victor Alvianoes Guterez</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Rohman, Mohammad Saifur </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Waranugraha, Yoga</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Fajar, Jonny Karunia</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">coronary artery calcification</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">regulatory RNA</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">micro RNA</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">long non-coding RNA</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">circular RNA</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">BACKGROUND: Regulatory RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), have emerged as key regulators of vascular remodelling and coronary heart disease. However, their specific roles in coronary artery calcification (CAC) remain fragmented across diverse clinical studies.
OBJECTIVES: This review aims to systematically synthesize human observational evidence on differentially expressed regulatory RNAs associated with CAC and their underlying molecular mechanisms.
METHODS: We included clinical observational studies (case-control, cross-sectional, or cohort designs) that compared regulatory RNA expression in patients with and without CAC. We searched PubMed, BioMed Central, Wiley, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane between January 2010 and June 2025. Risk of bias was assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Observational Studies. Data were synthesized narratively with stratification by RNA type, direction of expression, and biological mechanism.
RESULTS: A total of 10 eligible studies were included. Several regulatory RNAs demonstrated potential as biomarkers or modulators of CAC. However, the diversity of regulatory RNAs highlights the complex and multifactorial nature of CAC, while also revealing opportunities for future investigation.
CONCLUSION: Notably, circSmad4 demonstrated a favourable trend with a high AUC and a reasonably balanced mix of sensitivity and specificity, despite with relatively larger sample sizes.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Brawijaya</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-04-26</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://heartscience.ub.ac.id/index.php/heartscience/article/view/20606</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.21776/ub.hsj.2026.007.02.7</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Heart Science Journal; Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): The Evolving Landscape of Heart Failure; 43-51</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2721-9984</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2721-9976</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.21776/ub.hsj.2026.007.02</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://heartscience.ub.ac.id/index.php/heartscience/article/view/20606/578</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Alfi Tsuraya, Tri Yudani Mardining Raras, Bayu Lestari, Risa Ramadhani, Victor Alvianoes Guterez Hose, Mohammad Saifur  Rohman, Yoga Waranugraha, Jonny Karunia Fajar</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>