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Predictors of major adverse cardiovascular events after percutaneous coronary intervention in premature coronary artery disease: An Indonesian single-centre cohort study

Heart Science Journal · Vol. 7 No. 4 (2026) · hlm. 40–47

DOI
10.21776/ub.hsj.2026.007.04.8
ISSN
2721-9984, 2721-9976
Terbit
2026-10-13
Penerbit
Universitas Brawijaya
Bahasa
en
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Abstrak

Background: Premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) is increasingly recognised in Asian percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) practice, yet baseline predictors of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after revascularisation remain poorly characterised.Objective: To identify independent baseline predictors of MACE after PCI in PCAD and determine whether a stricter "Asia Pacific" age band discriminates risk within the premature range.Methods: Retrospective cohort study at a tertiary PCI centre in Malang, Indonesia (January 2022–March 2025; follow-up censored 1 May 2026). Patients meeting 2019 ACC/AHA PCAD criteria (men <55 years or women <65 years) with confirmed obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) treated by PCI were enrolled. The primary outcome was composite MACE (cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, heart-failure hospitalisation, or unplanned revascularisation), assessed by cause-specific Cox proportional-hazards regression.Result: Among 318 patients who completed follow-up (median age 50 years; 31.4% women; median follow-up 930.5 days), 41 MACE events occurred (12.9%). MACE incidence was similar between Asia Pacific PCAD (n=159; 11.3%) and Older PCAD (n=159; 14.5%; 3-year cumulative incidence 12.0% vs 16.9%; log-rank p=0.308). Reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF <40%) and dyslipidaemia were independent baseline predictors (LVEF <40%: adjusted HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.09–2.95; dyslipidaemia: adjusted HR 3.84, 95% CI 2.09–7.07; C=0.717, bootstrap-corrected C=0.715 (1000 resamples; optimism +0.002)).Conclusion: Reduced LVEF and dyslipidaemia were the principal baseline predictors of MACE in this Indonesian single-centre PCAD post-PCI cohort; age stratification within the premature range did not discriminate risk. Results should be interpreted in the context of 29.3% loss to follow-up and single-centre design.

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  • University of Brawijaya
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Mohammad Saifur RohmanAfiliasi tidak diketahui20
Indra PrasetyaAfiliasi tidak diketahui11
Setyasih AnjarwaniAfiliasi tidak diketahui10
Anna Fuji RahimahAfiliasi tidak diketahui9
Cholid Tri TjahjonoAfiliasi tidak diketahui8
Djanggan SargowoAfiliasi tidak diketahui8
Sasmojo WiditoAfiliasi tidak diketahui7
Novi KurnianingsihAfiliasi tidak diketahui7
Ardian RizalAfiliasi tidak diketahui6
Heny MartiniAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Muhammad Rizki FadlanAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Yoga WaranugrahaAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Putri Annisa KamilaUniversity of Brawijaya2
Dea Arie KurniawanAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Harris KristantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Lutfi Hafiz ZunardiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
SEBASTIAN MARGINOAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Yoseph Budi UtomoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Olivia HandayaniAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Dadang HendrawanAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Anita Surya SantosoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Hendrawati HendrawatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Liemena Harold AdrianAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Aditya Reza PratamaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Muhammad Rizki Rizki FadlanAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Taufieq Ridlo MakhmudAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Faris Wahyu NugrohoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ayu Asri Devi AdityawatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Imelda KrisnasariAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Bayu AjiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Arief WibisonoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://heartscience.ub.ac.id/index.php/heartscience/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Predictors of major adverse cardiovascular events after percutaneous coronary intervention in premature coronary artery disease: An Indonesian single-centre cohort study</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Suryo Baskoro, Shalahuddin</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Noverikhe, Nikhen</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Herbani, Merlita</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Filano, Marco</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Veliawan, Zhafran</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Yolanda, Anindia Reina</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Wulandari, Ayu Paramitha</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Rohman, Muhammad Saifur</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Satrijo, Budi</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Dyslipidemia</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Ejection fraction</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en"> major adverse cardiovascular events</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Percutaneous Coronary Intervention</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Premature coronary artery disease</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Background: Premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) is increasingly recognised in Asian percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) practice, yet baseline predictors of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after revascularisation remain poorly characterised.Objective: To identify independent baseline predictors of MACE after PCI in PCAD and determine whether a stricter "Asia Pacific" age band discriminates risk within the premature range.Methods:  Retrospective cohort study at a tertiary PCI centre in Malang, Indonesia (January 2022–March 2025; follow-up censored 1 May 2026). Patients meeting 2019 ACC/AHA PCAD criteria (men &amp;lt;55 years or women &amp;lt;65 years) with confirmed obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) treated by PCI were enrolled. The primary outcome was composite MACE (cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, heart-failure hospitalisation, or unplanned revascularisation), assessed by cause-specific Cox proportional-hazards regression.Result: Among 318 patients who completed follow-up (median age 50 years; 31.4% women; median follow-up 930.5 days), 41 MACE events occurred (12.9%). MACE incidence was similar between Asia Pacific PCAD (n=159; 11.3%) and Older PCAD (n=159; 14.5%; 3-year cumulative incidence 12.0% vs 16.9%; log-rank p=0.308). Reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF &amp;lt;40%) and dyslipidaemia were independent baseline predictors (LVEF &amp;lt;40%: adjusted HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.09–2.95; dyslipidaemia: adjusted HR 3.84, 95% CI 2.09–7.07; C=0.717, bootstrap-corrected C=0.715 (1000 resamples; optimism +0.002)).Conclusion: Reduced LVEF and dyslipidaemia were the principal baseline predictors of MACE in this Indonesian single-centre PCAD post-PCI cohort; age stratification within the premature range did not discriminate risk. Results should be interpreted in the context of 29.3% loss to follow-up and single-centre design.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Brawijaya</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-10-13</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://heartscience.ub.ac.id/index.php/heartscience/article/view/20800</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.21776/ub.hsj.2026.007.04.8</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Heart Science Journal; Vol. 7 No. 4 (2026): Navigating High-Risk Cardiovascular Subsets: Premature Disease, Plaque Complexity, and Precision Interventions; 40-47</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2721-9984</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2721-9976</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.21776/ub.hsj.2026.007.04</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://heartscience.ub.ac.id/index.php/heartscience/article/view/20800/619</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Shalahuddin Suryo Baskoro, Nikhen Noverikhe, Merlita Herbani, Marco Filano, Zhafran Veliawan, Anindia Reina Yolanda, Ayu Paramitha Wulandari, Muhammad Saifur Rohman, Budi Satrijo</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>