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The Role of Coastal Upwelling in Suppressing the Warming Trend of Sea Surface Temperature along the Southern Coast of Java

ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences · Vol. 30 No. 2 (2025) · hlm. 289–300

DOI
10.14710/ik.ijms.30.2.289-300
ISSN
2406-7598, 0853-7291
Terbit
2025-06-15
Penerbit
Marine Science Department Diponegoro University
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

This study examines the unclear role of wind-driven upwelling through Ekman transport and pumping, along with the combined effects of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) trends on the warming rate of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) along the southern coast of Java. Using data from 1940 to 2023, we investigated how IOD, ENSO, Ekman transport, and Ekman pumping influence SST trends. Our results reveal a cooling trend in SST near the coast during the upwelling period and a warming trend across the entire area during the non-upwelling period. The cooling SST weakens the easterly winds passing through the coastal areas, reducing upwelling intensity, as indicated by the weakening of Ekman transport. However, Ekman pumping, another proxy for upwelling, shows a strengthening trend. Our comparison along coastal areas suggests that the increase in Ekman pumping is more robust than the decrease in Ekman transport, leading to an overall intensification of upwelling. Additionally, we observed positive trends in IOD and ENSO during the upwelling period. These trends significantly enhance the upwelling process and are responsible for the observed cooling trend in SST. Thus, while wind-driven upwelling through Ekman transport and pumping plays a crucial role as a key process, its intensification is primarily driven by the trends in IOD and ENSO.

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  • Diponegoro University
  • Universitas Gadjah Mada
  • Bandung Institute of Technology
  • Navamindradhiraj University
  • Sebelas Maret University
  • University of Maryland, College Park
  • Australian Antarctic Division
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  • Afiliasi tidak diketahui
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Muhammad ZainuriDiponegoro University4
Denny Nugroho SugiantoDiponegoro University4
Lilik MaslukahDiponegoro University3
Elis IndrayantiDiponegoro University3
Baskoro RochaddiDiponegoro University3
Aris IsmantoDiponegoro University3
Sugeng WidadaDiponegoro University2
Nining Sari NingsihBandung Institute of Technology2
Safwan HadiBandung Institute of Technology2
Purwanto PurwantoSebelas Maret University2
Galuh PermatasariDiponegoro University2
Warsito AtmodjoDiponegoro University2
Dwi Haryo IsmunartiDiponegoro University2
Azis RifaiDiponegoro University2
Bayu MunandarDiponegoro University2
Raden Dwi SusantoUniversity of Maryland, College Park2
Rikha WidiaratihDiponegoro University2
Riza Yuliratno SetiawanUniversitas Gadjah Mada2
Anis Yasmin SabilaDiponegoro University1
Indra Budi PrasetyawanDiponegoro University1
Agus SupangatAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Wiweka WiwekaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Muhammad Shulhan JihadiDiponegoro University1
Virginia L. Andrews-GoffAustralian Antarctic Division1
Retno HartatiDiponegoro University1
Ita WidowatiDiponegoro University1
Eko SetyobudiUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Hasrizal ShaariUniversiti Malaysia Terengganu1
Faizal RachmanUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Nurjannah NurdinHasanuddin University1
Sarjito SarjitoDiponegoro University1
Anindya WirasatriyaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Hanny AmmariaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Muhammad HelmiDiponegoro University1
Slamet Budi PrayitnoDiponegoro University1
Hiroshi KawamuraTohoku University1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/ijms/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">The Role of Coastal Upwelling in Suppressing the Warming Trend of Sea Surface Temperature along the Southern Coast of Java</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Himawa, Daenk</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Wirasatriya, Anindya</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Kunarso, Kunarso</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Wetchayont, Parichat</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Global warming; Coastal upwelling; SST; IOD; ENSO</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">This study examines the unclear role of wind-driven upwelling through Ekman transport and pumping, along with the combined effects of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) trends on the warming rate of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) along the southern coast of Java. Using data from 1940 to 2023, we investigated how IOD, ENSO, Ekman transport, and Ekman pumping influence SST trends. Our results reveal a cooling trend in SST near the coast during the upwelling period and a warming trend across the entire area during the non-upwelling period. The cooling SST weakens the easterly winds passing through the coastal areas, reducing upwelling intensity, as indicated by the weakening of Ekman transport. However, Ekman pumping, another proxy for upwelling, shows a strengthening trend. Our comparison along coastal areas suggests that the increase in Ekman pumping is more robust than the decrease in Ekman transport, leading to an overall intensification of upwelling. Additionally, we observed positive trends in IOD and ENSO during the upwelling period. These trends significantly enhance the upwelling process and are responsible for the observed cooling trend in SST. Thus, while wind-driven upwelling through Ekman transport and pumping plays a crucial role as a key process, its intensification is primarily driven by the trends in IOD and ENSO.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Marine Science Department Diponegoro University</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-06-15</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/ijms/article/view/70639</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.14710/ik.ijms.30.2.289-300</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences; Vol 30, No 2 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan; 289-300</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2406-7598</dc:source>
	<dc:source>0853-7291</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/ijms/article/view/70639/pdf</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2025 ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>