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Teripang, Sea Cucumber (Stichopus sp.) Fractions Induce Apoptosis in Liver Cancer Cell Line (HepG2)

ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences · Vol. 31 No. 1 (2026) · hlm. 71–78

DOI
10.14710/ik.ijms.31.1.71-78
ISSN
2406-7598, 0853-7291
Terbit
2026-03-01
Penerbit
Marine Science Department Diponegoro University
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

Cancer remains a major global health problem, prompting continuous exploration of marine organisms as sources of novel bioactive compounds. This study evaluated the cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing activities of F9 and F10 fractions obtained from methanolic extracts of sea cucumber (Stichopus sp.) against the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 as an in vitro cancer model. Sea cucumber samples were extracted using methanol maceration and subsequently fractionated through Medium Pressure Liquid Chromatography (MPLC) to obtain bioactive fractions. Cytotoxic activity was assessed using the MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) assay after 24, 48, and 72 h of incubation to determine cell viability. Apoptotic effects were examined using Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) staining, followed by fluorescence microscopy to evaluate morphological changes associated with apoptosis. The results demonstrated that both fractions exhibited significant cytotoxic effects on HepG2 cells in a time-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 14 µg.ml-1 for the F9 fraction and 23 µg.ml-1 for the F10 fraction after 72 h of treatment. Among the tested fractions, F9 showed stronger cytotoxic activity at lower concentrations. Morphological observations revealed typical apoptotic characteristics such as cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, nuclear condensation, and phosphatidylserine externalization, indicating apoptosis as the predominant mechanism of cell death. These findings demonstrate that Stichopus sp. contains bioactive compounds with anticancer potential. This study highlights the importance of marine invertebrates as natural resources for biomedical applications and supports the development of marine biotechnology strategies for cancer therapy. Further investigations are needed to identify the active compounds responsible and clarify their molecular mechanisms of action.

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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Ismiyarto IsmiyartoAfiliasi tidak diketahui7
Ngadiwiyana NgadiwiyanaAfiliasi tidak diketahui7
Nor Basid Adiwibawa PrasetyaAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Mukhammad Asy’ariAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Yusnaini YusnainiUniversitas Halu Oleo1
La SaraUniversitas Halu Oleo1
Edy KarnoUniversitas Halu Oleo1
RAMLY RAMLYUniversitas Halu Oleo1
Ambo Wonua NusantaraAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Hasan AedyAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Noviatri IndahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Frin EbenAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Sindi Mertisia BoutiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Lintang Tri AnandaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Aden Dhana RizkitaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Syahrul Syah GibranAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Shari Bella ShapiraAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Shelly Siti Nour baetyAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Shahibatul WafaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Nisa AlwiaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Aden Dhana Rizkita1Afiliasi tidak diketahui1
Tris Ella Julita GuloAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Nisa Sri WahyuniAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Risma Eka Putri SelayAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Mohamad GazaliAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Noraznawati IsmailAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Jasnizat SaidinAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Julius Yong Fu SiongAfiliasi tidak diketahui1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/ijms/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Teripang, Sea Cucumber (Stichopus sp.) Fractions Induce Apoptosis in Liver Cancer Cell Line (HepG2)</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Andriani, Yosie</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Kassim, Murni Nur Islamiah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Oksal, Efriyana</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Rosmiati, Rosmiati</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Bakar, Kamariah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Aziz, Nur Asniza</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Syamsumir, Desy Fitrya</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Kholieqoh, Alifah Husnun</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Sung, Yeong Yik</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Sarjono, Purbowatiningrum Ria</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Hudiyanti, Dwi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Tengku Muhammad, Tengku Sifzizul</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Sea Cucumber; Stichopus sp.; Teripang apoptosis; HepG2</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Cancer remains a major global health problem, prompting continuous exploration of marine organisms as sources of novel bioactive compounds. This study evaluated the cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing activities of F9 and F10 fractions obtained from methanolic extracts of sea cucumber (Stichopus sp.) against the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 as an in vitro cancer model. Sea cucumber samples were extracted using methanol maceration and subsequently fractionated through Medium Pressure Liquid Chromatography (MPLC) to obtain bioactive fractions. Cytotoxic activity was assessed using the MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) assay after 24, 48, and 72 h of incubation to determine cell viability. Apoptotic effects were examined using Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) staining, followed by fluorescence microscopy to evaluate morphological changes associated with apoptosis. The results demonstrated that both fractions exhibited significant cytotoxic effects on HepG2 cells in a time-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 14 µg.ml-1 for the F9 fraction and 23 µg.ml-1 for the F10 fraction after 72 h of treatment. Among the tested fractions, F9 showed stronger cytotoxic activity at lower concentrations. Morphological observations revealed typical apoptotic characteristics such as cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, nuclear condensation, and phosphatidylserine externalization, indicating apoptosis as the predominant mechanism of cell death. These findings demonstrate that Stichopus sp. contains bioactive compounds with anticancer potential. This study highlights the importance of marine invertebrates as natural resources for biomedical applications and supports the development of marine biotechnology strategies for cancer therapy. Further investigations are needed to identify the active compounds responsible and clarify their molecular mechanisms of action.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Marine Science Department Diponegoro University</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-03-01</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US"></dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/ijms/article/view/72482</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.14710/ik.ijms.31.1.71-78</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences; Vol 31, No 1 (2026): Ilmu Kelautan; 71-78</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2406-7598</dc:source>
	<dc:source>0853-7291</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/ijms/article/view/72482/pdf</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2026 ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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