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Seasonal Constellation of Juvenile Whale Sharks in Gorontalo Bay Coastal Park

ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences · Vol. 29 No. 2 (2024) · hlm. 241–253

DOI
10.14710/ik.ijms.29.2.241-253
ISSN
2406-7598, 0853-7291
Terbit
2024-06-20
Penerbit
Marine Science Department Diponegoro University
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

The whale shark (Rhincodon typus Smith, 1828) is the largest extant fish species in the world, and it is endangered, with population numbers declining in the last three decades. The appearance of whale sharks in the Botubarani Waters has attracted a lot of attention. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the whale shark's appearance, their habitat constellation pattern, and its oceanographic conditions. This research was conducted during the 2019-2022 period. The Photographic Identification (Photo-ID) method is used to observe and determine whale shark individual's number and pattern of presence. Oceanographic data includes chlorophyll-a concentration using Ocean Color Image (CCI) data and sea surface temperature (SST) using OSTIA image data processed with Interactive Data Language (IDL) software. The research showed there are 38 individuals with an estimated total length ranging from 2.3 to 7.3 meters. All whale sharks appearing in Botubarani include juvenile male individuals with a composition of 53% new individuals (N=20) and 47% (N=18) old individuals seen again with a rare seasonal and sporadic presence pattern mainly in the Eastern season (June). The average SST value during the study period ranged from 28.36-30.29⁰C while chlorophyll-a ranged from 0.174-0.698 mg.m-3. Although the present findings show that the whale shark's appearance in Botubarani waters was not significantly influenced by SST and chlorophyll-a, it might be affected by other oceanography factors such as Sea Surface Height Distribution (SSHD) and depth (Bathymetry). As the Botubarani aggregation site is the only whale shark emergence area with easy access throughout the year and is rapidly developing into a new ecotourism industry in Indonesia; the information on whale shark appearance provides useful support for the sustainable protection and Whale Sharks conservation in the future.

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Widianingsih WidianingsihAfiliasi tidak diketahui15
Ambariyanto AmbariyantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui5
Rudhi PribadiAfiliasi tidak diketahui4
Muhammad ZainuriDiponegoro University4
Lilik MaslukahAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Hadi EndrawatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Anindya WirasatriyaAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Diah Permata WijayantiAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Rikha WidiaratihAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Ervia YudiatiDiponegoro University2
Valentina R IrianiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Ita WidowatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Mujiyanto MujiyantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Sri RedjekiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Subagiyo SubagiyoAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Candhika YusufAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Sugeng WidadaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Anis Yasmin SabilaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Indra Budi PrasetyawanAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Heri YantiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Dwi HaryantiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Mila Amelia Nur AzizahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ranjeet BhagooliAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Tri KaryawatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Esti RudianaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Anastasia Dian RAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Awaludin AhsinAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Erlangga D. SitorusAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Hidayati AzizahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Kunarso KunarsoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Muhammad Shulhan JihadiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Virginia Andrews- GoffAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
JOHANNES HUTABARATAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Mostafa Imhmed IghwerbAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Widianignsih WidianingsihAfiliasi tidak diketahui1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/ijms/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Seasonal Constellation of Juvenile Whale Sharks in Gorontalo Bay Coastal Park</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Yasir, Moh.</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Hartati, Retno</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Indrayanti, Elis</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Amar, Fahri</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Tarigan, Ariyo Imanuel</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Whale Shark; Photo ID; chlorophyll-a; Sea Surface Temperature; Gorontalo</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">The whale shark (Rhincodon typus Smith, 1828) is the largest extant fish species in the world, and it is endangered, with population numbers declining in the last three decades. The appearance of whale sharks in the Botubarani Waters has attracted a lot of attention. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the whale shark's appearance, their habitat constellation pattern, and its oceanographic conditions. This research was conducted during the 2019-2022 period. The Photographic Identification (Photo-ID) method is used to observe and determine whale shark individual's number and pattern of presence. Oceanographic data includes chlorophyll-a concentration using Ocean Color Image (CCI) data and sea surface temperature (SST) using OSTIA image data processed with Interactive Data Language (IDL) software. The research showed there are 38 individuals with an estimated total length ranging from 2.3 to 7.3 meters. All whale sharks appearing in Botubarani include juvenile male individuals with a composition of 53% new individuals (N=20) and 47% (N=18) old individuals seen again with a rare seasonal and sporadic presence pattern mainly in the Eastern season (June). The average SST value during the study period ranged from 28.36-30.29⁰C while chlorophyll-a ranged from 0.174-0.698 mg.m-3. Although the present findings show that the whale shark's appearance in Botubarani waters was not significantly influenced by SST and chlorophyll-a, it might be affected by other oceanography factors such as Sea Surface Height Distribution (SSHD) and depth (Bathymetry). As the Botubarani aggregation site is the only whale shark emergence area with easy access throughout the year and is rapidly developing into a new ecotourism industry in Indonesia; the information on whale shark appearance provides useful support for the sustainable protection and Whale Sharks conservation in the future.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Marine Science Department Diponegoro University</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2024-06-20</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US"></dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/ijms/article/view/64433</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.14710/ik.ijms.29.2.241-253</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences; Vol 29, No 2 (2024): Ilmu Kelautan; 241-253</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2406-7598</dc:source>
	<dc:source>0853-7291</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/ijms/article/view/64433/pdf</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2024 ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>