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Estimation of Suspended Particulate Matter Using Landsat 9 Imagery: Generating Algorithms and Spatio-Temporal Distributions

ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences · Vol. 29 No. 1 (2024) · hlm. 15–28

DOI
10.14710/ik.ijms.29.1.15-28
ISSN
2406-7598, 0853-7291
Terbit
2024-03-27
Penerbit
Marine Science Department Diponegoro University
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

The fluctuation of suspended particulate matter (SPM) is essential to the biogeochemical cycle and ecological health of coastal waters. Anthropogenic activities potentially trigger an increase in SPM, so it needs to be monitored continuously. Spatial and temporal monitoring of SPM can be carried out cost-effectively with broad coverage using a remote sensing application. This study aims to build the SPM algorithm and estimate its temporal variability. The algorithm model in this study is based on an empirical formula between field data and reflectance data with the same acquisition. Water samples were taken from 100 stations in July 2022. Half were used for model building and the other for model validation. Suspended Particulate Matter was determined gravimetrically and estimated their temporal variability was based on Landsat 9 image records from December 2021 - November 2022. The results of the analysis show that the best algorithm for SPM estimation can be built based on coastal aerosol canals (B1), blue canals (B2), and green canals (B3) with the accuracy test result of (R2 = 0.68; RMSE = 5.551 mg.L-1; MAPE= 7.07%; Bias= 0.28). The SPM temporal fluctuations were generally higher in the west monsoon and lowered in the east monsoon, ranging from 30 to 70 mg.L-1. On the other hand, the spatial distribution shows a higher magnitude in the estuary than in the offshore waters, with a deviation of about 30 mg.L-1. Regional authorities can use the results obtained to improve the management of coastal water quality and monitoring systems.

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  • Diponegoro University
  • Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries
  • Navamindradhiraj University
  • National Research and Innovation Agency
  • National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia
  • Andalas University
  • Sebelas Maret University
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Elis IndrayantiDiponegoro University6
Kunarso KunarsoDiponegoro University3
Muhammad ZainuriDiponegoro University3
Denny Nugroho SugiantoDiponegoro University3
Aris IsmantoDiponegoro University3
Parichat WetchayontNavamindradhiraj University3
Anis Yasmin SabilaDiponegoro University3
Indra Budi PrasetyawanDiponegoro University3
Wisnu Arya GemilangMinistry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries2
Gunardi KusumahMinistry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries2
Semeidi HusrinMinistry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries2
Ruzana DhiauddinMinistry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries2
Purwanto PurwantoSebelas Maret University2
Galuh PermatasariDiponegoro University2
Warsito AtmodjoDiponegoro University2
Azis RifaiDiponegoro University2
Widodo Setiyo PranowoNational Research and Innovation Agency2
Tubagus SolihuddinMinistry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries1
Ali ArmanNational Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia1
Koko OndaraMinistry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries1
Aprizon PutraAndalas University1
Dwi Haryo IsmunartiDiponegoro University1
Bayu MunandarDiponegoro University1
Raden Dwi SusantoUniversity of Maryland, College Park1
Chrisna Adhi SuryonoDiponegoro University1
Petrus SubardjoDiponegoro University1
Sigit PurnomoDiponegoro University1
Chrisna Adi SuryonoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Retno HartatiDiponegoro University1
Ita WidowatiDiponegoro University1
Didi AdisaputroSumatera Institute of Technology1
Daenk HimawaDiponegoro University1
Riza Yuliratno SetiawanUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Hasrizal ShaariUniversiti Malaysia Terengganu1

Afiliasi berasal dari OpenAlex; metadata OAI-PMH jurnal tidak memuatnya. Penulis tanpa ID OpenAlex dicocokkan berdasarkan nama, sehingga dua orang bisa tergabung atau satu orang bisa terpisah.

Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/ijms/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Estimation of Suspended Particulate Matter Using  Landsat 9 Imagery: Generating Algorithms and Spatio-Temporal Distributions</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Maslukah, Lilik</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Sadewo, M. Firouz Dimas</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Rochaddi, Baskoro</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Widada, Sugeng</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Wirasatriya, Anindya</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Wisha, Ulung Jantama</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Algorithm; spatial analysis; Landsat 9; Banjir Kanal Timur</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">The fluctuation of suspended particulate matter (SPM) is essential to the biogeochemical cycle and ecological health of coastal waters. Anthropogenic activities potentially trigger an increase in SPM, so it needs to be monitored continuously. Spatial and temporal monitoring of SPM can be carried out cost-effectively with broad coverage using a remote sensing application. This study aims to build the SPM algorithm and estimate its temporal variability. The algorithm model in this study is based on an empirical formula between field data and reflectance data with the same acquisition. Water samples were taken from 100 stations in July 2022. Half were used for model building and the other for model validation. Suspended Particulate Matter was determined gravimetrically and estimated their temporal variability was based on Landsat 9 image records from December 2021 - November 2022. The results of the analysis show that the best algorithm for SPM estimation can be built based on coastal aerosol canals (B1), blue canals (B2), and green canals (B3) with the accuracy test result of (R2 = 0.68; RMSE = 5.551 mg.L-1; MAPE= 7.07%; Bias= 0.28). The SPM temporal fluctuations were generally higher in the west monsoon and lowered in the east monsoon, ranging from 30 to 70 mg.L-1. On the other hand, the spatial distribution shows a higher magnitude in the estuary than in the offshore waters, with a deviation of about 30 mg.L-1. Regional authorities can use the results obtained to improve the management of coastal water quality and monitoring systems. </dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Marine Science Department Diponegoro University</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2024-03-27</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US"></dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/ijms/article/view/56599</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.14710/ik.ijms.29.1.15-28</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences; Vol 29, No 1 (2024): Ilmu Kelautan; 15-28</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2406-7598</dc:source>
	<dc:source>0853-7291</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/ijms/article/view/56599/pdf</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2024 ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>