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Development of groundwater level sensor for internet of things-based peatland fire monitoring

International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) · Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026) · hlm. 915–926

DOI
10.11591/ijape.v15.i2.pp915-926
ISSN
2722-2624, 2252-8792
Terbit
2026-06-01
Penerbit
Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

Monitoring groundwater levels in peatlands is crucial for mitigating forest and land fires, which frequently occur in tropical regions. Current peatland groundwater level monitoring systems generally have limitations in their sensing range. Additionally, the lack of electricity and internet infrastructure around the monitoring sites presents another challenge. To address these issues, in this study, we developed a groundwater level sensor based on a float integrated with an optocoupler as a rotary encoder to monitor changes in water levels in real-time. The system is connected to an internet of things (IoT) platform through a LoRa communication module, powered by solar panels, enabling continuous wireless data transmission over a large range. To overcome the sensing range limitation, we developed a rotary encoder with a pulley driven by a long rope. Testing was conducted using transparent pipes with varying water levels to evaluate the sensor's performance. Experimental results showed that the sensor could measure water levels with a resolution of ±3.33 mm. This research provides a technique for measuring groundwater levels with an extended measurement range. Additionally, it produces a peatland fire risk monitoring system based on groundwater level parameters. It is expected can support peatland fire mitigation efforts more efficiently and effectively.

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  • Bandung Institute of Technology
  • Universitas Gadjah Mada
  • IPB University
  • Universitas Airlangga
  • National Research and Innovation Agency
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Mitra DjamalBandung Institute of Technology4
Muhamamad Reza Ramadhani RaharjoBandung Institute of Technology2
Ant. Ardath KristiNational Research and Innovation Agency2
Efraim PartogiBandung Institute of Technology2
Prianka AnggaraBandung Institute of Technology2
Wahyu SrigutomoBandung Institute of Technology1
Wahyudi WahyudiUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Irzaman IrzamanIPB University1
Perdinan PerdinanIPB University1
Irwan MeilanoBandung Institute of Technology1
Retna ApsariUniversitas Airlangga1
Wiwit SuryantoUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Imam SuyantoUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Ari SetiawanUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Heriansyah PutraIPB University1
Herlan DarmawanUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Maria EvitaBandung Institute of Technology1
Moh YasinUniversitas Airlangga1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://ijape.iaescore.com/index.php/IJAPE/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Development of groundwater level sensor for internet of things-based peatland fire monitoring</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Muid, Abdul</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Aminah, Nina Siti</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Budiman, Maman</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Djamal, Mitra</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">groundwater sensor; internet of things; large sensing range; monitoring system; peatland fire</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Monitoring groundwater levels in peatlands is crucial for mitigating forest and land fires, which frequently occur in tropical regions. Current peatland groundwater level monitoring systems generally have limitations in their sensing range. Additionally, the lack of electricity and internet infrastructure around the monitoring sites presents another challenge. To address these issues, in this study, we developed a groundwater level sensor based on a float integrated with an optocoupler as a rotary encoder to monitor changes in water levels in real-time. The system is connected to an internet of things (IoT) platform through a LoRa communication module, powered by solar panels, enabling continuous wireless data transmission over a large range. To overcome the sensing range limitation, we developed a rotary encoder with a pulley driven by a long rope. Testing was conducted using transparent pipes with varying water levels to evaluate the sensor's performance. Experimental results showed that the sensor could measure water levels with a resolution of ±3.33 mm. This research provides a technique for measuring groundwater levels with an extended measurement range. Additionally, it produces a peatland fire risk monitoring system based on groundwater level parameters. It is expected can support peatland fire mitigation efforts more efficiently and effectively.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science</dc:publisher>
	<dc:contributor xml:lang="en-US"></dc:contributor>
	<dc:date>2026-06-01</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
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	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://ijape.iaescore.com/index.php/IJAPE/article/view/21622</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.11591/ijape.v15.i2.pp915-926</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE); Vol 15, No 2: June 2026; 915-926</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2722-2624</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2252-8792</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.11591/ijape.v15.i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://ijape.iaescore.com/index.php/IJAPE/article/view/21622/13471</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2026 Abdul Muid, Nina Siti Aminah, Maman Budiman, Mitra Djamal</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>