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Microplastic Risk Assessment in an Urban Tropical Stream Using Active Biomonitoring with Native Fish

Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia · Vol. 15 No. 3 (2026)

DOI
10.15294/jpii.v15i3.41394
ISSN
2089-4392, 2339-1286
Terbit
2026-09-29
Penerbit
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Bahasa
eng

Abstrak

Microplastic pollution has been reported worldwide. However, current assessments remain limited by quantification and evaluation based on abiotic factors. Unlike passive biomonitoring, which reflects wide biological variability in wild-caught fish, active biomonitoring with caged, standardized organisms provides controlled environmental exposure. This study introduces an early warning framework by integrating active biomonitoring with a multi-index approach to evaluate the levels (Pollution Load Index), the impact on the environment (Coefficients of Microplastic Index), bioavailability in the organism (Microplastic Index), and Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) by humans of microplastic pollution in a stream threatened by urbanization. The caged native fish (Rasbora lateristriata) were placed at three sites along the urbanized Winongo Stream for a 28-day exposure period. The microplastics were extracted from water samples and fish organs and characterized by size, shape, color, and polymer type. This study found that small size, fiber, and black color were the dominant microplastic types in surface water and fish tissues at all sampling sites. This study identified polypropylene, polyethylene, and polyamide as the polymers. Pollution levels ranged from low to moderate, and the potential environmental impact of microplastic shape ranged from low to extreme. The Microplastics Index shows the translocation from water to the body of fish, and the Estimated Daily Intake shows that humans possibly consume microplastics by eating fish muscle. These findings highlight the potential measurable risk of dietary exposure through fish consumption, underscoring the importance of integrating active biomonitoring with ecological risk indices for assessing microplastic contamination in tropical freshwater ecosystems. Education on proper, sustainable waste management and comprehensive policies is needed to mitigate plastic pollution in aquatic environments.

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  • Universitas Gadjah Mada
  • Universitas Jember
  • National Research and Innovation Agency
  • Diponegoro University
  • King Saud University
  • State University of Semarang
  • Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
  • Organisasi lain
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Hanindyo AdiUniversitas Gadjah Mada3
Abdulrahman S. AldawoodKing Saud University3
Sukirno SukirnoUniversitas Gadjah Mada3
Pradnya ParamitaUniversitas Gadjah Mada2
Luthfia Uswatun KhasanahUniversitas Gadjah Mada2
R.C. Hidayat SoesilohadiUniversitas Gadjah Mada2
SudaryatnoUniversitas Gadjah Mada2
Rarastoeti PratiwiUniversitas Gadjah Mada2
Y. E. NadarUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Sulifah Aprilya HarianiUniversitas Jember1
Kuswati KuswatiUniversitas Jember1
Dwi Puji HayatiState University of Semarang1
Jihan Restu BuanaUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Sudaryatno SudaryatnoUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Tri Retnaningsih SoeprobowatiDiponegoro University1
Shalihuddin Djalal TandjungAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Sutikno SutiknoInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember1
Peter GellDiponegoro University1
Ronggo SadonoUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Djoko MarsonoUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Agustinus MurdjokoUniversitas Papua1
Muhammad SulaimanUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Heni Wahyu SartikaUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Pairah PairahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Irfan Agus NugrohoUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Ananda Briliana RomadhonaUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Christabel Reviana SeptianingtyasUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Laila Nurul IlmaUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Ari Satia NugrahaUniversitas Jember1
Ludmilla Fitri UntariUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Diah RachmawatiUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Abdul Razaq ChasaniAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Kuntum FebriyantiningrumAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Sari Budi Moria SembiringNational Research and Innovation Agency1
Jhon Harianto HutapeaNational Research and Innovation Agency1
Ketut MahardikaNational Research and Innovation Agency1

Afiliasi berasal dari OpenAlex; metadata OAI-PMH jurnal tidak memuatnya. Penulis tanpa ID OpenAlex dicocokkan berdasarkan nama, sehingga dua orang bisa tergabung atau satu orang bisa terpisah.

Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jpii/oai, pertama di-harvest 29 Okt 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Microplastic Risk Assessment in an Urban Tropical Stream Using Active Biomonitoring with Native Fish</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ariyunita, Selvi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Hadisusanto, Suwarno</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Retnoaji, Bambang</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Nugroho, Andhika Puspito</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">consumption</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">freshwater</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">health risk</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">monitoring</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">rasbora</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Microplastic pollution has been reported worldwide. However, current assessments remain limited by quantification and evaluation based on abiotic factors. Unlike passive biomonitoring, which reflects wide biological variability in wild-caught fish, active biomonitoring with caged, standardized organisms provides controlled environmental exposure. This study introduces an early warning framework by integrating active biomonitoring with a multi-index approach to evaluate the levels (Pollution Load Index), the impact on the environment (Coefficients of Microplastic Index), bioavailability in the organism (Microplastic Index), and Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) by humans of microplastic pollution in a stream threatened by urbanization. The caged native fish (Rasbora lateristriata) were placed at three sites along the urbanized Winongo Stream for a 28-day exposure period. The microplastics were extracted from water samples and fish organs and characterized by size, shape, color, and polymer type. This study found that small size, fiber, and black color were the dominant microplastic types in surface water and fish tissues at all sampling sites. This study identified polypropylene, polyethylene, and polyamide as the polymers. Pollution levels ranged from low to moderate, and the potential environmental impact of microplastic shape ranged from low to extreme. The Microplastics Index shows the translocation from water to the body of fish, and the Estimated Daily Intake shows that humans possibly consume microplastics by eating fish muscle. These findings highlight the potential measurable risk of dietary exposure through fish consumption, underscoring the importance of integrating active biomonitoring with ecological risk indices for assessing microplastic contamination in tropical freshwater ecosystems. Education on proper, sustainable waste management and comprehensive policies is needed to mitigate plastic pollution in aquatic environments.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-09-29</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jpii/article/view/41394</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jpii.v15i3.41394</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia; Vol. 15 No. 3 (2026): September 2026</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2089-4392</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2339-1286</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jpii.v15i3</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jpii/article/view/41394/11573</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>