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Physico-Chemical and Biological Water Quality of Tuntang Estuary, Demak, Central Java as A Base for Sustainable River Management

Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia · Vol. 12 No. 4 (2023) · pp. 611–624

DOI
10.15294/jpii.v12i4.48413
ISSN
2089-4392, 2339-1286
Published
2023-12-29
Publisher
Program Studi Pendidikan IPA Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (FMIPA)
Language
eng

Abstract

The estuary, downstream of the river, accumulates pollutants from upstream and marine. Tuntang is one of the major rivers in Central Java, 139 km length from Rawapening Lake, and ends in the Java Sea. Mangroves are the dominant riparian vegetation in the downstream and estuary of the Tuntang River. This research analyzes the water quality and pollution index (PI) of Tuntang Estuary, Demak. Water samples were collected from four sites in February (wet season) and September 2022 (dry season) and were analyzed for temperature, TDS, pH, BOD, COD, DO, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, TN, TP, Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr, fecal coliform, and total coliform. The water quality parameters of Tuntang Estuary in the dry season exceeded the threshold for Class I-III, such as TDS in T1 ((2530 mgL-1), BOD (4.06-5.12 mgL-1), COD (28.32-102 mgL-1), DO for Class I and II (3.93-4.28 mgL-1), Pb at T1 and T3 in the wet season, and T1 in the dry season, and Cr for Class I, II, and III (. 0.05 mgL-1), Pb (T1), and Cr for Class I, II, and III (. 0.05 mgL-1). In contrast, in the wet season, BOD (4.37-7.15 mgL-1), Pb (T1 and T3), fecal coli, and coliform exceeded the threshold. The TN (0.83-2.48 mgL-1) and TP in the wet season (0.45-0.53 mgL-1 at T1 and T1) indicated that Tuntang Estuary was in the eutrophic condition. Based on the PI method, the water quality of Tuntang Estuary is good to slightly polluted for Class I, II, and III. The sustainable river management that is appropriate to be developed for the Tuntang River is conserving the mangrove ecosystem in the Tuntang Estuary.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

12 authors · 25 co-authorship links · 13 across different organisations

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  • Diponegoro University
  • State University of Semarang
  • Wageningen University & Research
  • Omdurman Islamic University
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Ciana Magdalena MorinAffiliation unknown2
Andin Vita AmaliaState University of Semarang1
Marcelinus ChristwardanaDiponegoro University1
Amar Sharaf Eldin KhairOmdurman Islamic University1
Andin IrsadiState University of Semarang1
Sutrisno AnggoroDiponegoro University1
Muhammad HelmiDiponegoro University1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/jpii/oai, first harvested 29 Okt 2026, last seen 1 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Physico-Chemical and Biological Water Quality of Tuntang Estuary, Demak, Central Java as A Base for Sustainable River Management</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Danurrachman, Y.</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Maryono, M.</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Muhammad, F.</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Soeprobowati, T. R.</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>van der Maas, P.</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">physical-chemical biological parameters; pollution index; Tuntang Estuary; water quality</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">The estuary, downstream of the river, accumulates pollutants from upstream and marine. Tuntang is one of the major rivers in Central Java, 139 km length from Rawapening Lake, and ends in the Java Sea. Mangroves are the dominant riparian vegetation in the downstream and estuary of the Tuntang River. This research analyzes the water quality and pollution index (PI) of Tuntang Estuary, Demak. Water samples were collected from four sites in February (wet season) and September 2022 (dry season) and were analyzed for temperature, TDS, pH, BOD, COD, DO, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, TN, TP, Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr, fecal coliform, and total coliform. The water quality parameters of Tuntang Estuary in the dry season exceeded the threshold for Class I-III, such as TDS in T1 ((2530 mgL-1), BOD (4.06-5.12 mgL-1), COD (28.32-102 mgL-1), DO for Class I and II (3.93-4.28 mgL-1), Pb at T1 and T3 in the wet season, and T1 in the dry season, and Cr for Class I, II, and III (. 0.05 mgL-1), Pb (T1), and Cr for Class I, II, and III (. 0.05 mgL-1). In contrast, in the wet season, BOD (4.37-7.15 mgL-1), Pb (T1 and T3), fecal coli, and coliform exceeded the threshold. The TN (0.83-2.48 mgL-1) and TP in the wet season (0.45-0.53 mgL-1 at T1 and T1) indicated that Tuntang Estuary was in the eutrophic condition. Based on the PI method, the water quality of Tuntang Estuary is good to slightly polluted for Class I, II, and III. The sustainable river management that is appropriate to be developed for the Tuntang River is conserving the mangrove ecosystem in the Tuntang Estuary.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Program Studi Pendidikan IPA Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (FMIPA)</dc:publisher>
	<dc:contributor xml:lang="en-US">Research for International Publication (RPI) from Diponegoro University</dc:contributor>
	<dc:date>2023-12-29</dc:date>
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	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia; Vol 12, No 4 (2023): December 2023; 611-624</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2089-4392</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2339-1286</dc:source>
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