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Stop bullying: Evidence from an exploratory factor analysis of dominant bullying behaviors among Malaysian adolescent

International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) · Vol. 12 No. 1 (2023) · hlm. 236–244

DOI
10.11591/ijere.v12i1.22717
ISSN
2620-5440, 2252-8822
Terbit
2023-03-01
Penerbit
Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

Abstrak

Bullying, a recurring aggressive and substantial antisocial behavior characterized by a power imbalance can be destructive, and persistent and causes harm. Bullying is a negative behavior on individuals or groups of individuals who are considered weak that occurs more frequently among adolescents between the ages of 13–16. Bullying in schools is a violence that can result in students feeling threatened and powerless. This study was conducted to identify constructs that measure physical, verbal, anti-social, and cyberbullying. A total of 677 samples from a total of 23 secondary schools in the northern peninsula of Malaysia were involved in this cross-sectional survey research design that used a questionnaire to collect the data. Exploratory factor analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed that four factors namely, physical bully, verbal bullying, antisocial bully, and cyberbullying were prevalent among Malaysian adolescents. The reliability value for each factor was high, which ranged from.73 to.89. Out of four bullying constructs in the study, physical bullying has the highest factor loading. In conclusion, this study has proven that Malaysian adolescents also face bullying where the most dominant bullying behavior for Malaysian adolescents is physical bullying. The data imply that school leaders, the Malaysian Ministry of Education, and the community should view this matter seriously and Malaysian youths should be educated on the dangers of bullying behavior that can have a negative impact on the development of society as a whole.

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  • Tun Hussein Onn University of Malaysia
  • Universiti Utara Malaysia
  • Sultan Idris Education University
  • Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof Dr Hamka
  • Siliwangi University
  • Ambrose Alli University
  • National Yunlin University of Science and Technology
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  • Organisasi sama
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Mimi Mohaffyza MohamadTun Hussein Onn University of Malaysia3
Zaharah Che IsaUniversiti Utara Malaysia2
Charanjit Kaur Swaran SinghSultan Idris Education University2
Nuraliah Abd NasirTun Hussein Onn University of Malaysia2
Wu Ming ChangNational Yunlin University of Science and Technology2
Arasinah KamisSultan Idris Education University2
Farah Najwa Ahmad PuadSultan Idris Education University2
Ruhiana Idayu Abd HamidTun Hussein Onn University of Malaysia2
Sharifah ShafieSultan Idris Education University2
Sarimah Abu BedorSultan Idris Education University2
Suswandari SuswandariUniversitas Muhammadiyah Prof Dr Hamka1
Laely ArmiyatiSiliwangi University1
Mohamed Nor Azhari AzmanSultan Idris Education University1
Jane Itohan OviaweAmbrose Alli University1
Abilmazhinova Oryngul SlambekovnaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Nofouz MafarjaUniversity of Malaya1
Badaruddin IbrahimTun Hussein Onn University of Malaysia1
Lai Chee SernTun Hussein Onn University of Malaysia1
Ruzlan Md. AliUniversiti Utara Malaysia1
Ihsana El KhuluqoUniversitas Muhammadiyah Prof Dr Hamka1
Sigid Edy PurwantoUniversitas Muhammadiyah Prof Dr Hamka1
Eka Nana SusantiUniversitas Muhammadiyah Prof Dr Hamka1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://ijere.iaescore.com/index.php/IJERE/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Stop bullying: Evidence from an exploratory factor analysis of dominant bullying behaviors among Malaysian adolescent</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Busthami Nur, Abdul Hamid</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Azid, Nurulwahida</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Md-Ali, Ruzlan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Nakman, Siti Jaizah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Kiong, Tee Tze</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Heong, Yee Mei</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Adolescent; Anti-social bully; Cyberbully; Exploratory factor analysis; Physical bully; Verbal bully</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Bullying, a recurring aggressive and substantial antisocial behavior characterized by a power imbalance can be destructive, and persistent and causes harm. Bullying is a negative behavior on individuals or groups of individuals who are considered weak that occurs more frequently among adolescents between the ages of 13–16. Bullying in schools is a violence that can result in students feeling threatened and powerless. This study was conducted to identify constructs that measure physical, verbal, anti-social, and cyberbullying. A total of 677 samples from a total of 23 secondary schools in the northern peninsula of Malaysia were involved in this cross-sectional survey research design that used a questionnaire to collect the data. Exploratory factor analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed that four factors namely, physical bully, verbal bullying, antisocial bully, and cyberbullying were prevalent among Malaysian adolescents. The reliability value for each factor was high, which ranged from .73 to .89. Out of four bullying constructs in the study, physical bullying has the highest factor loading. In conclusion, this study has proven that Malaysian adolescents also face bullying where the most dominant bullying behavior for Malaysian adolescents is physical bullying. The data imply that school leaders, the Malaysian Ministry of Education, and the community should view this matter seriously and Malaysian youths should be educated on the dangers of bullying behavior that can have a negative impact on the development of society as a whole.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science</dc:publisher>
	<dc:contributor xml:lang="en-US"></dc:contributor>
	<dc:date>2023-03-01</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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	<dc:identifier>https://ijere.iaescore.com/index.php/IJERE/article/view/22717</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.11591/ijere.v12i1.22717</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE); Vol 12, No 1: March 2023; 236-244</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2620-5440</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2252-8822</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.11591/ijere.v12i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://ijere.iaescore.com/index.php/IJERE/article/view/22717/13519</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2022 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</dc:rights>
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