Instrument evaluation of conspiracy theory about COVID-19: Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis

Fauzi, Ahmad; Saefi, Muhammad; Adi, Widi Cahya; Kristiana, Evi; Lestariani, Nurlita

doi:10.11591/ijere.v11i2.22339

Akses terbuka Jurnal SINTA 1

Instrument evaluation of conspiracy theory about COVID-19: Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis

International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) · Vol. 11 No. 2 (2022) · hlm. 491–498

DOI: 10.11591/ijere.v11i2.22339
ISSN: 2620-5440, 2252-8822
Terbit: 2022-06-01
Penerbit: Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
Bahasa: eng
Lisensi: creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

Abstrak

Students’ beliefs toward conspiracy theory (CT) of COVID-19 can be the indication of science education quality. However, a validated instrument to measure the level of students’ acceptance on the CT about COVID-19 still remains unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the questionnaire of CT about COVID-19. The questionnaire consisted of 14 items and delivered online to the 400 students of Biology education in Indonesia. The data was analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). All items have standard deviation between 1.60 and 2.63, but one item was revealed to have insignificant correlation. The EFA result indicated that the other 13 items had loading factor 0.5 and were categorized into three dimensions. The third dimension was eliminated after the administration of CFA due to only one item in the dimension (λ>0.5). There were three items in the first dimension and two items in the second dimension resulted in λ<0.5. The correlated model from CFA disclosed good values of goodness of fit (GOF), χ2/df=2.527, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) standardized root mean square residual (SRMR)=0.014, comparative fit index (CFI)=0.964, goodness-of-fit index (GFI)=0.969, adjusted goodness of fit (AGFI)=0.940, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI)=0.947, and normed fit index (NFI)=0.943. Therefore, the questionnaire is strongly recommended to measure the level of students’ beliefs toward the CT of COVID-19.

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State University of Malang
Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kendari
Walisongo State Islamic University
Universitas Halu Oleo
Universitas Muhammadiyah Buton
Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau
National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
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Rekan penulis	Organisasi	Artikel bersama
Syarif Rizalia	Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kendari	2
Maryce Agusthinus Walukou	Universitas Halu Oleo	1
Jumiati Jumiati	Universitas Muhammadiyah Buton	1
Susilawati Susilawati	Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau	1
Parlin Parlin	Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kendari	1
Tsania Nur Diyana	State University of Malang	1
Nurul Murtadho	State University of Malang	1
Yusuf Hanafi	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	1
M. Alifudin Ikhsan	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	1
Abd Rauf Hassan	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	1
Siti Zubaidah	State University of Malang	1
Susriyati Mahanal	State University of Malang	1
Hendra Susanto	National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University	1
Arbin Janu Setiyowati	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	1
Adisti Ratnapuri	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://ijere.iaescore.com/index.php/IJERE/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.

Metadata asli (oai_dc)

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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Instrument evaluation of conspiracy theory about COVID-19: Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Fauzi, Ahmad</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Saefi, Muhammad</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Adi, Widi Cahya</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Kristiana, Evi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Lestariani, Nurlita</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Conspiracy theory; COVID-19 pandemic; Misinformation; Science education; Science literacy</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Students’ beliefs toward conspiracy theory (CT) of COVID-19 can be the indication of science education quality. However, a validated instrument to measure the level of students’ acceptance on the CT about COVID-19 still remains unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the questionnaire of CT about COVID-19. The questionnaire consisted of 14 items and delivered online to the 400 students of Biology education in Indonesia. The data was analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). All items have standard deviation between 1.60 and 2.63, but one item was revealed to have insignificant correlation. The EFA result indicated that the other 13 items had loading factor 0.5 and were categorized into three dimensions. The third dimension was eliminated after the administration of CFA due to only one item in the dimension (λ&amp;gt;0.5). There were three items in the first dimension and two items in the second dimension resulted in λ&amp;lt;0.5. The correlated model from CFA disclosed good values of goodness of fit (GOF), χ2/df=2.527, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) standardized root mean square residual (SRMR)=0.014, comparative fit index (CFI)=0.964, goodness-of-fit index (GFI)=0.969, adjusted goodness of fit (AGFI)=0.940, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI)=0.947, and normed fit index (NFI)=0.943. Therefore, the questionnaire is strongly recommended to measure the level of students’ beliefs toward the CT of COVID-19. </dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science</dc:publisher>
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	<dc:date>2022-06-01</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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	<dc:identifier>https://ijere.iaescore.com/index.php/IJERE/article/view/22339</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.11591/ijere.v11i2.22339</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE); Vol 11, No 2: June 2022; 491-498</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2620-5440</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2252-8822</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.11591/ijere.v11i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://ijere.iaescore.com/index.php/IJERE/article/view/22339/13303</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2021 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</dc:rights>
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