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Chlorine Concentration and Phytoplankton Diversity in the Streams around Tondano Watershed, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia · Vol. 11 No. 1 (2022) · pp. 129–141

DOI
10.15294/jpii.v11i1.31601
ISSN
2089-4392, 2339-1286
Published
2022-03-31
Publisher
Program Studi Pendidikan IPA Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (FMIPA)
Language
eng

Abstract

The use of chlorine in agriculture and settlements increases and impacts surrounding waters, such as watersheds: The land area is a unit with rivers and tributaries that function to accommodate, store and distribute water from rainfall to the sea naturally. The environmental condition of the Tondano watershed is important to study in terms of chlorine distribution, considering that residential and agricultural activities in the watershed can cause residues in the aquatic environment, which harm the environment, especially phytoplankton. This study aims to examine the concentration of chlorine and its impact on the phytoplankton diversity in the Tondano watershed, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Using the composite method, water quality sampling to calculate chlorine concentration was carried out at 17 river locations using the composite method, while six river stations represented phytoplankton sampling. Chlorine concentration was measured using UV-VIS spectrophotometry, while plankton sampling used a plankton net with a mesh size of 40 µm and a net mouth diameter of 20 cm. The results show that the highest chlorine concentration was found in Tondano Hilir River (0.05 mg/L), followed by the Kakas River downstream (0.04 mg/L). Chlorine concentration distribution in other rivers has the same concentration (0.03 mg/L). Quality standard Chlorine according to Government Regulation number 22/2021 Appendix VI Class II is 0,03 mg/L. The highest number of species and index of phytoplankton species diversity was found in the Hulu Panasen River, while the highest species abundance was found in the Tondano River downstream. The correlation analysis of species diversity index with chlorine concentration did not show a significant relationship with the diversity of phytoplankton, but aquatic ecosystems have experienced moderate ecological pressure.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

6 authors · 15 co-authorship links · 5 across different organisations

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  • Sam Ratulangi University
  • Universiti Teknologi MARA
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
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Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Selvie TumbelakaSam Ratulangi University3
Jacqueline JosephUniversiti Teknologi MARA3
Junivia Virginia JermiasSam Ratulangi University3

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/jpii/oai, first harvested 29 Okt 2026, last seen 29 Okt 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Chlorine Concentration and Phytoplankton Diversity in the Streams around Tondano Watershed, North Sulawesi, Indonesia</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Wantasen, S.</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Luntungan, J. N.</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Koneri, R.</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">chlorine; diversity; phytoplankton; Tondano watershed</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">The use of chlorine in agriculture and settlements increases and impacts surrounding waters, such as watersheds:  The land area is a unit with rivers and tributaries that function to accommodate, store and distribute water from rainfall to the sea naturally.  The environmental condition of the Tondano watershed is important to study in terms of chlorine distribution, considering that residential and agricultural activities in the watershed can cause residues in the aquatic environment, which harm the environment, especially phytoplankton. This study aims to examine the concentration of chlorine and its impact on the phytoplankton diversity in the Tondano watershed, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Using the composite method, water quality sampling to calculate chlorine concentration was carried out at 17 river locations using the composite method, while six river stations represented phytoplankton sampling. Chlorine concentration was measured using UV-VIS spectrophotometry, while plankton sampling used a plankton net with a mesh size of 40 µm and a net mouth diameter of 20 cm. The results show that the highest chlorine concentration was found in Tondano Hilir River (0.05 mg/L), followed by the Kakas River downstream (0.04 mg/L). Chlorine concentration distribution in other rivers has the same concentration (0.03 mg/L).  Quality standard Chlorine according to Government Regulation number 22/2021 Appendix VI Class II is 0,03 mg/L. The highest number of species and index of phytoplankton species diversity was found in the Hulu Panasen River, while the highest species abundance was found in the Tondano River downstream. The correlation analysis of species diversity index with chlorine concentration did not show a significant relationship with the diversity of phytoplankton, but aquatic ecosystems have experienced moderate ecological pressure. </dc:description>
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	<dc:date>2022-03-31</dc:date>
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	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/jpii/article/view/31601</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jpii.v11i1.31601</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia; Vol 11, No 1 (2022): March 2022; 129-141</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2089-4392</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2339-1286</dc:source>
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	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2022 Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia</dc:rights>
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