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Heterogeneous internet of things device interoperability using fog-based adaptive semantic mechanism

International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) · Vol. 15 No. 3 (2026) · hlm. 819–836

DOI
10.11591/ijres.v15.i3.pp819-836
ISSN
2722-2608, 2089-4864
Terbit
2026-11-01
Penerbit
Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

With the rapid growth of heterogeneous internet of things (IoT) ecosystems, insufficient semantic interoperability caused by non-uniform communication protocols, data formats, and semantic representations has become a core challenge in the field. Existing cloud-based, static ontology schemes have defects including high latency, large overhead, and poor adaptability. This paper proposes the dynamic semantic fog (DSF) framework, which performs semantic processing at the fog layer to achieve real-time interoperability. The framework integrates four core modules: workload offloading, resource description framework (RDF) generation, semantic representation, and adaptive ontology expansion. It supports dynamic access to newly added IoT devices. Tests were completed using iFogSim in a smart city traffic scenario. Compared with traditional cloud solutions, the framework reduces latency, energy consumption, and network usage rate by 51.7%, 41.3%, and 55.6% respectively, and can support dynamic semantic interoperability for heterogeneous IoT environments.

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  • Universiti Sains Malaysia
  • University of Basrah
  • Southern Technical University
  • Shatt Al-Arab University College
  • King Faisal University
  • University of Jordan
  • University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Rami ShehabKing Faisal University11
Mohammed Amin AlmaiahUniversity of Jordan7
Mohammed Amin AlmaiahUniversity of Jordan7
Zainab Marid AlzamiliAfiliasi tidak diketahui6
Abbas Jalal KaisheshUniversity of Kerbala4
Sababathy PalanisamyUniversiti Sains Malaysia4
Erum AshrafBahria University4
Faris K. AL-ShammriUniversity of Warith Al-Anbiyaa3
Jalal Mohammed Hachim AltmemiSouthern Technical University3
Murtaja Ali SaareUniversity of Basrah3
Mansour ObeidatAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Hussein Ahmed AliUniversity of Kirkuk3
Riyadh Rahef NuiaaUniversiti Sains Malaysia2
Ali Hakem AlsaeediUniversity of Al-Qadisiyah2
Abdulnasser AbdulJabbar AbboodAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Md Asri NgadiUniversity of Technology Malaysia2
Abdulaziz Zaid A. AljarwanUniversity of Ha'il2
Ali A. AlaidanyShatt Al-Arab University College2
Ghazi Jalal KasheshUniversity of Kerbala2
Zaid Abdi Alkareem AlyasseriUniversity of Kufa1
Rosni AbdullahUniversiti Sains Malaysia1
Adnan Hasan Bdair AIghuraibawiUniversiti Sains Malaysia1
Esraa Saleh AlomariUniversity of Wasit1
Mohammad FareedUniversity of Basrah1
Rommel Mahmoud AlAliKing Faisal University1
May Adnan FalehSouthern Technical University1
Ali M. AbdulsadaUniversity of Warith Al-Anbiyaa1
Mohamed Abdulrahman AbdulhamedUniversity of Basrah1
Mustafa Moosa QasimUniversity of Basrah1
Akram Hussain Abd AliUniversity of Basrah1
Bushra Abdullah ShtaytSouthern Technical University1
Karrar Ali AbdullahShatt Al-Arab University College1
Ali K. MattarShatt Al-Arab University College1
Khansaa Azeez Obayes Al-HusseiniAl-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://ijres.iaescore.com/index.php/IJRES/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Heterogeneous internet of things device interoperability using fog-based adaptive semantic mechanism</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Nagasundaram, Devamekalai</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Manickam, Selvakumar</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Al-Shareeda, Mahmood A.</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Alsayednoor, Huda Mohammed</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Yassin, Ali A.</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Karuppayah, Shankar</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Adaptive semantic mechanism; Fog computing; Internet of things; Ontology enrichment; Resource description framework; Semantic interoperability</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">With the rapid growth of heterogeneous internet of things (IoT) ecosystems, insufficient semantic interoperability caused by non-uniform communication protocols, data formats, and semantic representations has become a core challenge in the field. Existing cloud-based, static ontology schemes have defects including high latency, large overhead, and poor adaptability. This paper proposes the dynamic semantic fog (DSF) framework, which performs semantic processing at the fog layer to achieve real-time interoperability. The framework integrates four core modules: workload offloading, resource description framework (RDF) generation, semantic representation, and adaptive ontology expansion. It supports dynamic access to newly added IoT devices. Tests were completed using iFogSim in a smart city traffic scenario. Compared with traditional cloud solutions, the framework reduces latency, energy consumption, and network usage rate by 51.7%, 41.3%, and 55.6% respectively, and can support dynamic semantic interoperability for heterogeneous IoT environments.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science</dc:publisher>
	<dc:contributor xml:lang="en-US">Authors state no funding involved.</dc:contributor>
	<dc:date>2026-11-01</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US"></dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://ijres.iaescore.com/index.php/IJRES/article/view/21819</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.11591/ijres.v15.i3.pp819-836</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES); Vol 15, No 3: November 2026; 819-836</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2722-2608</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2089-4864</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.11591/ijres.v15.i3</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://ijres.iaescore.com/index.php/IJRES/article/view/21819/pdf</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2026 Devamekalai Nagasundaram, Selvakumar Manickam, Mahmood A. Al-Shareeda, Huda Mohammed Alsayednoor, Ali A. Yassin, Shankar Karuppayah</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>