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Bio-briquettes from tea fluff biochar: a response surface methodology study on particle size, resin gum-adhesive, and used cooking oil immersion time

International Journal of Renewable Energy Development : JRED · Vol. 14 No. 5 (2025) · hlm. 854–868

DOI
10.61435/ijred.2025.60877
ISSN
2252-4940
Terbit
2025-09-01
Penerbit
Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

Fluff tea is the residual solid waste generated in the green tea industry and holds the potential for development as a solid fuel in bio-briquettes. This study transformed fluff tea into bio-briquettes utilizing biochar produced through slow pyrolysis. The study aimed to optimize bio-briquettes production from fluff tea using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) approach through proximate analysis. The cylindrical bio-briquettes were produced using biochar particle sizes of 850, 500, and 150 μm, resin gum adhesive concentrations of 10%, 15%, and 20%, and immersion times in cooking oil of 0, 3, and 6 minutes. The results showed that the overall response by the p-value was 0.05). The findings indicated that the calorific value of tea fluff rose from 4,482.56 cal/g to 6,374.98 cal/g after conversion to biochar. The optimum conditions for producing tea fluff bio-briquettes were a particle size of 850 μm, adhesive concentration of 11%, and immersion time of 5 minutes. The bio-briquettes exhibited a moisture content of 3.53%, ash content of 5.65%, volatile matter of 14.75%, fixed carbon of 76.14%, calorific value of 7,796.37 cal/g, combustion rate of 0.11 g/min, density of 1.22 g/cm3, and compressive strength of 35.57 N/cm2. Most tea fluff briquettes' properties had met Indonesia's briquettes standard. The production of bio-briquettes from tea fluff waste is a viable alternative fuel for both industrial and domestic applications.

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  • Universitas Halu Oleo
  • Islamic University of Indonesia
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Adid Adep DwiatmokoAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
GunawanUniversitas Halu Oleo1
Rifa'atus ShalihahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Yoga SaputraAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Asri Wiana Lika ZaharaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Muhammad Alif LazuardiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Nur Maeysya Saida AmadaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Adi SusantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Miftakhul JannahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Amnan HarisAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Annisa Salwa HafidzahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Yazida RizkayantiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ahmad Edi DarmawanAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Heru SusantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Arief Ameir Rahman SetiawanAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Firman Tri AdjieAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Hafiizh PrasetiyaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Joddy Arya LaksmonoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Edi Iswanto WilosoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Dudi HidayatAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Fitri AmaliaIslamic University of Indonesia1
Aida FitriAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ria CerianaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Maria LisaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Nora KhamisahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Yeni YulianaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Mutia SriwahyuniAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Matoyah MatoyahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://ijred.cbiore.id/index.php/ijred/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Bio-briquettes from tea fluff biochar: a response surface methodology study on particle size, resin gum-adhesive, and used cooking oil immersion time</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Suryajaya, Suryajaya</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Agustian, Egi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Haryanti, Ninis Hadi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Prasetia, Hafiizh</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Rahmah, Siti</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Kurniawan, Hendris Hendarsyah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Wianto, Totok</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Ramadhoni, Benni F</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Manik, Tetti Novalina</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Annisa, Nova</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Rezamela, Erdiansyah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Sulaswatty, Anny</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Biobriquettes; Tea Fluff; Resin Gum Adhesive; Used Cooking Oil Dipping; Response Surface Methodology (RSM); Box-Behnken Design (BBD)</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Fluff tea is the residual solid waste generated in the green tea industry and holds the potential for development as a solid fuel in bio-briquettes. This study transformed fluff tea into bio-briquettes utilizing biochar produced through slow pyrolysis. The study aimed to optimize bio-briquettes production from fluff tea using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) approach through proximate analysis. The cylindrical bio-briquettes were produced using biochar particle sizes of 850, 500, and 150 μm, resin gum adhesive concentrations of 10%, 15%, and 20%, and immersion times in cooking oil of 0, 3, and 6 minutes. The results showed that the overall response by the p-value was &lt;0.05, and the lack of fit was insignificant (p-value &gt;0.05). The findings indicated that the calorific value of tea fluff rose from 4,482.56 cal/g to 6,374.98 cal/g after conversion to biochar. The optimum conditions for producing tea fluff bio-briquettes were a particle size of 850 μm, adhesive concentration of 11%, and immersion time of 5 minutes. The bio-briquettes exhibited a moisture content of 3.53%, ash content of 5.65%, volatile matter of 14.75%, fixed carbon of 76.14%, calorific value of 7,796.37 cal/g, combustion rate of 0.11 g/min, density of 1.22 g/cm3, and compressive strength of 35.57 N/cm2. Most tea fluff briquettes' properties had met Indonesia's briquettes standard. The production of bio-briquettes from tea fluff waste is a viable alternative fuel for both industrial and domestic applications.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Center of Biomass &amp; Renewable Energy (CBIORE)</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-09-01</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US"></dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://ijred.cbiore.id/index.php/ijred/article/view/60877</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.61435/ijred.2025.60877</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">International Journal of Renewable Energy Development; Vol 14, No 5 (2025): September 2025; 854-868</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2252-4940</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://ijred.cbiore.id/index.php/ijred/article/view/60877/pdf</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by Centre of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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