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LexID: The Metadata and Semantic Knowledge Graph Construction of Indonesian Legal Document

Jurnal Ilmu Komputer dan Informasi (JIKI) · Vol. 16 No. 1 (2023) · pp. 15–46

DOI
10.21609/jiki.v16i1.1096
ISSN
2502-9274, 2088-7051
Published
2023-03-01
Publisher
Faculty of Computer Science - Universitas Indonesia
Language
eng

Abstract

The Legal Fiction principle stipulates that the government needs to ensure the public availability of all of their legal documents. Unfortunately, the text-based search services they provide cannot return satisfactory answers in retrieval scenarios requiring proper representation of relationships between various legal documents. A key problem here is the lack of explicit representation of such relationships behind the employed retrieval engines. We aim to address this problem by proposing LexID knowledge graph (KG) that provides an explicit knowledge representation for Indonesian legal domain usable for such retrieval purposes. The KG contains both legal metadata information and semantic content of the legal clauses of the legal document's articles, modeled using formal vocabulary from the LexID ontology also presented in this paper. The KG is constructed from thousands of Indonesian legal documents. Since the procedure of writing a legal document regulated by the government is clear and detailed, we use a rule-based approach to construct our KG. At the end, we describe several use cases of the KG to address different retrieval needs. In Addition, we evaluated the quality of our KG by measuring its ability to answer questions and got that LexID can answer questions with the macro average F1 score is about 0.91.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

7 authors · 10 co-authorship links

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  • University of Indonesia
  • Affiliation unknown
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  • Same organisation
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Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Wisnu JatmikoUniversity of Indonesia2
N. W. PambudiUniversity of Indonesia2
R. M. MardianAffiliation unknown1
Mohamad Ivan FananyUniversity of Indonesia1
Ken SasongkoUniversity of Indonesia1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://jiki.cs.ui.ac.id/index.php/jiki/oai, first harvested 26 Okt 2026, last seen 26 Okt 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">LexID: The Metadata and Semantic Knowledge Graph Construction of Indonesian Legal Document</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Muninggar, Nur Siti</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Krisnadhi, Adila Alfa</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Indonesian Legal Ontology</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Knowledge Graph Construction</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">The Legal Fiction principle stipulates that the government needs to ensure the public availability of all of their legal documents. Unfortunately, the text-based search services they provide cannot return satisfactory answers in retrieval scenarios requiring proper representation of relationships between various legal documents. A key problem here is the lack of explicit representation of such relationships behind the employed retrieval engines. We aim to address this problem by proposing LexID knowledge graph (KG) that provides an explicit knowledge representation for Indonesian legal domain usable for such retrieval purposes. The KG contains both legal metadata information and semantic content of the legal clauses of the legal document's articles, modeled using formal vocabulary from the LexID ontology also presented in this paper. The KG is constructed from thousands of Indonesian legal documents. Since the procedure of writing a legal document regulated by the government is clear and detailed, we use a rule-based approach to construct our KG. At the end, we describe several use cases of the KG to address different retrieval needs. In Addition, we evaluated the quality of our KG by measuring its ability to answer questions and got that LexID can answer questions with the macro average F1 score is about 0.91.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Faculty of Computer Science  - Universitas Indonesia</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2023-03-01</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://jiki.cs.ui.ac.id/index.php/jiki/article/view/1096</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.21609/jiki.v16i1.1096</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Jurnal Ilmu Komputer dan Informasi; Vol. 16 No. 1 (2023): Jurnal Ilmu Komputer dan Informasi (Journal of Computer Science and Information); 15-46</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2502-9274</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2088-7051</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.21609/jiki.v16i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://jiki.cs.ui.ac.id/index.php/jiki/article/view/1096/486</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2023 Jurnal Ilmu Komputer dan Informasi</dc:rights>
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