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Surface Area Analysis of Activated Carbon Material From Palm Frond Waste using Different Activation Agents

INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS · Vol. 15 No. 1 (2025) · hlm. 193–203

DOI
10.13057/ijap.v15i1.96045
ISSN
2477-6416, 2089-0133
Terbit
2025-05-04
Penerbit
Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University
Bahasa
eng

Abstrak

Carbon is one of the abundant elements obtained from organic matter, one of which is found in the fronds of oil palm trees which is found on the Kalimantan Island. This research uses local organic waste in East Kalimantan to be used as activated carbon material, palm frond waste. Activated carbon material is one of the materials that has a high surface area and is widely applied for adsorbent materials. This study aims to analyze and compare the surface area of activated carbon synthesized from palm frond waste using different activating agents. This research also analyzes the nature of the material structure, surface area, pore size and pore volume of activated carbon. The method used is the process of thermal activation and chemical activation to convert carbon into activated carbon with variations of activating agents, phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). XRD, BET-SAA and SEM-EDX characterization tests were conducted. The results obtained show that the amorphous structure of activated carbon has been formed and there is an increase in BET surface area due to the activation process. The surface area obtained for the Non-Activated Carbon (C) sample is 15,149 m2/g, Activated Carbon-NaOH (AC-1) is 2,082 m2/g, Activated Carbon-H3PO4 (AC-2) is 307,692 m2/g. This shows that the best sample with the highest surface area is the AC-2 sample which uses the H3PO4 chemical activator solution.

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  • Mulawarman University
  • Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
  • Universitas Pertamina
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Erlinda Ratnasari PutriMulawarman University5
Andi AlamsyahMulawarman University1
Ricky RahmawatiMulawarman University1
M Noor AlamsyahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Wahidah WahidahMulawarman University1
R. JannahMulawarman University1
A. PutriAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Retno ZurmaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
M. HamidMulawarman University1
A. Mu'tiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Sherly PutriMulawarman University1
R. AnthonMulawarman University1
Gatut YudoyonoInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember1
Soni PrayogiUniversitas Pertamina1
Darminto DarmintoInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember1
Yoyok CahyonoInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/ijap/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Surface Area Analysis of Activated Carbon Material From Palm Frond Waste using Different Activation Agents</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Intifadhah, Sahara Hamas</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Munir, Rahmawati</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Hamdani, Dadan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Natalisanto, Adrianus Inu</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Muliyono, Suhadi</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Activated Carbon; Activating Agent; Surface Area; Pore Size; Pore Volume</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Carbon is one of the abundant elements obtained from organic matter, one of which is found in the fronds of oil palm trees which is found on the Kalimantan Island. This research uses local organic waste in East Kalimantan to be used as activated carbon material, palm frond waste. Activated carbon material is one of the materials that has a high surface area and is widely applied for adsorbent materials. This study aims to analyze and compare the surface area of activated carbon synthesized from palm frond waste using different activating agents. This research also analyzes the nature of the material structure, surface area, pore size and pore volume of activated carbon. The method used is the process of thermal activation and chemical activation to convert carbon into activated carbon with variations of activating agents, phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). XRD, BET-SAA and SEM-EDX characterization tests were conducted. The results obtained show that the amorphous structure of activated carbon has been formed and there is an increase in BET surface area due to the activation process. The surface area obtained for the Non-Activated Carbon (C) sample is 15,149 m2/g, Activated Carbon-NaOH (AC-1) is 2,082 m2/g, Activated Carbon-H3PO4 (AC-2) is 307,692 m2/g. This shows that the best sample with the highest surface area is the AC-2 sample which uses the H3PO4 chemical activator solution.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University</dc:publisher>
	<dc:contributor xml:lang="en-US">HIBAH PNBP FMIPA 2024</dc:contributor>
	<dc:date>2025-05-04</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/ijap/article/view/96045</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.13057/ijap.v15i1.96045</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS; Vol 15, No 1 (2025): April; 193-203</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2477-6416</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2089-0133</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/ijap/article/view/96045/50060</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2025 INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>