Identifikasi Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula pada Rizhosfer Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum purpureum)

Abstract

ABSTRAKFungi mikoriza arbuskula (FMA) sangat berperan dalam memacu pertumbuhan hijauan tanaman pakan ternak. Hijauan tanaman pakan khususnya rumput dan leguminosa. FMA telah banyak diteliti dan teridentifikasi berbagai jenisnya pada rizhosfer tanaman leguminosa jenis pohon. Jenis FMA belum diketahui pada tanaman hijauan pakan ternak khususnya rumput gajah yang tumbuh di Sulawesi Tenggara, oleh karena itu sangatlah penting dilakukan penelitian mengenai identifikasi FMA pada tanaman rumput gajah. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis fungi mikoriza arbuskula pada rizhofer rumput gajah. Sampel tanah dan sampel akar rumput gajah diambil masing-masing sebanyak 500g. Analisis sampel tanah untuk mengidentifikasi FMA dilakukan di pusat Penelitian Biologi LIPI Bogor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada rizhosfer rumput gajah ditemukan 5 jenis fungi mikoriza arbuskula dari 3 genus (Glomus, gigaspora dan acalauspora) yaitu Glomus sp (1 spora), gigaspora sp (57 spora), giga spora gregaria N.C. Schenck T.H. Nicolson (48 spora), Acaulospora tuberculata Janos Trappe (12 Spora) dan Acaulospora scrobiculata Trappe (2 spora). Jenis FMA terjadi kolonisasi pada rizhosfer rumput gajah, ditandai dengan ditemukannya struktur FMA. Struktur FMA yang ditemukan pada akar rumput gajah adalah hifa internal dan hifa eksternal. Persentae kolonisasi FMA pada akar rumput gajah berkisar 47-88% dengan rata-rata 72,93%.Kata kunci: mikoriza, rumput gajah, pennisetum, glomus Identification of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi in the Rhizosphere of Elephant Grass (Pennistum purpureum)ABSTRACTArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) plays a role forage growth of animal feed crops. Forage feed plants, especially grass and Leguminosae. AMF has been widely studied and identified in various types in the rhizosphere of legume tree plants. The type AMF is not widely known in forage animal feed, especially elephant grass that grows in Southeast Sulawesi, therefore it is very important to research the identification of AMF in elephant grass plants. The study aims to identify the arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi in the elephant grass rhizosphere. Samples of rhizosphere soil and elephant grassroots samples were taken by as much as 500g each. Analysis of soil samples to identify AMF was conducted at LIPI Bogor Biological Research Centre. Analysis of soil samples to identify AMF was conducted at LIPI Bogor Biological Research Center. The results showed in the rhizosphere elephant grass found 5 types of AMF from 3 genera (glomus, gigaspora, and acalauspora) namely glomus sp. (1 spora), gigaspora sp. (57 spora), gigaspora gregaria N.C. Schenk T.H Nicolson (48 spora), acaulospora tuberculata Janos Trappe (12 spora), and acaulospora scrobiculata Trappe (2 spora). Colonization has occurred in the rhizosphere of elephant grass, characterized by the discovery of AMF structures. The AMF structures found at elephant grassroots are internal hyphae and external hyphae. The colonization AMF percentage at the elephant grassroots ranges 47-88% with average of 72.93%.Keywords: mycorrhiza, elephant grass, pennisetum, glomus