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Enhancing solid fuel potential of water hyacinth: A study on chemical modification through composting and demineralization

International Journal of Renewable Energy Development : JRED · Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026) · hlm. 135–146

DOI
10.61435/ijred.2026.61468
ISSN
2252-4940
Terbit
2026-01-01
Penerbit
Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

Rapid growth makes water hyacinth (WH) an exceptional biomass resource, but its low calorific value and elevated ash content hinder its application as a sustainable green energy source. This study aims to enhance the quality of water hyacinth as a solid fuel by increasing lignin content through composting and decreasing ash content by demineralization. The composting period for water hyacinth was modified to 4, 7, 11, and 15 days, followed by a demineralization process employing two solvents: water and 5% nitric acid (HNO₃). Proximate, ultimate, and chemical studies were conducted on water hyacinth before and following treatment to ascertain its specific alterations. This study indicates that after 15 days of composting, the lignin fraction increased from 10.01% to 15.14%. Demineralization employing a combination of water and nitric acid can substantially reduce ash content (19.4%). The demineralization of raw materials during composting is more efficacious in diminishing ash content than the demineralization of raw materials before composting. The most significant reduction was 46.17%, observed in the 11-day WH composting, where the ash content decreased from 22% to 11.84%. According to the results, modified WH is a viable raw material for solid fuel due to its enhanced lignin content and reduced ash level.

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  • IPB University
  • National Research and Innovation Agency
  • Indonesian Institute of Sciences
  • Khairun University
  • Politeknik Industri Furnitur dan Pengolahan Kayu
  • Ministry of Industry of the Republic of Indonesia
  • Padjadjaran University
  • Organisasi lain
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  • Afiliasi tidak diketahui
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Nurhanifah NurhanifahPoliteknik Industri Furnitur dan Pengolahan Kayu2
Siska AnggirianiPoliteknik Industri Furnitur dan Pengolahan Kayu2
Danang Sudarwoko AdiIndonesian Institute of Sciences2
Yusuf Sudo HadiIPB University1
Rohny Setiawan MaailUniversitas Pattimura1
Damayanti RatihNational Research and Innovation Agency1
Imam WahyudiIPB University1
Sari Delviana MarbunTanjungpura University1
Jajang SuryanaIPB University1
Rosalia SilabanPoliteknik Pertanian Negeri Kupang1
Deni SetiawanIPB University1
Laswi IrmayantiKhairun University1
Adesna FatrawanaKhairun University1
Erika NovriyantiIPB University1
Nurhikmah NurhikmahKhairun University1
Nancy Dewi YulianaIPB University1
Kifayati Rosiyanti DewiIPB University1
Feri KusnandarIPB University1
Nissa Nurfajrin SolihatIndonesian Institute of Sciences1
Handy RiantanaKhon Kaen University1
Heryani HeryaniAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Syahrul RamadhanMinistry of Industry of the Republic of Indonesia1
Ratih DamayantiNational Research and Innovation Agency1
Ari HardiantoPadjadjaran University1
Nadia Nuraniya KamaluddinPadjadjaran University1
Dwi Ajias PramasariNational Research and Innovation Agency1
Wahyu DwiantoIndonesian Institute of Sciences1
Nyndia Tri MuliawatiNational Research and Innovation Agency1
Narita Ayu Putri PramestiMinistry of Industry of the Republic of Indonesia1
Dwi Priyo AriyantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ongko CahyonoSebelas Maret University1
Sri Rezeki FebrianiSebelas Maret University1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://ijred.cbiore.id/index.php/ijred/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Enhancing solid fuel potential of water hyacinth: A study on chemical modification through composting and demineralization</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Mustagfirin, Mustagfirin</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Hermawan, Dede</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Nawawi, Deded Sarip</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Kusumah, Sukma Surya</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Ismayati, Maya</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Sutiawan, Jajang</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Ningrum, Riska Surya</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Wikantyoso, Bramantyo</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">biomass energy; wood pellets; composting; demineralization</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Rapid growth makes water hyacinth (WH) an exceptional biomass resource, but its low calorific value and elevated ash content hinder its application as a sustainable green energy source. This study aims to enhance the quality of water hyacinth as a solid fuel by increasing lignin content through composting and decreasing ash content by demineralization. The composting period for water hyacinth was modified to 4, 7, 11, and 15 days, followed by a demineralization process employing two solvents: water and 5% nitric acid (HNO₃). Proximate, ultimate, and chemical studies were conducted on water hyacinth before and following treatment to ascertain its specific alterations. This study indicates that after 15 days of composting, the lignin fraction increased from 10.01% to 15.14%. Demineralization employing a combination of water and nitric acid can substantially reduce ash content (19.4%). The demineralization of raw materials during composting is more efficacious in diminishing ash content than the demineralization of raw materials before composting. The most significant reduction was 46.17%, observed in the 11-day WH composting, where the ash content decreased from 22% to 11.84%. According to the results, modified WH is a viable raw material for solid fuel due to its enhanced lignin content and reduced ash level.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Center of Biomass &amp; Renewable Energy (CBIORE)</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-01-01</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://ijred.cbiore.id/index.php/ijred/article/view/61468</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.61435/ijred.2026.61468</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">International Journal of Renewable Energy Development; Vol 15, No 1 (2026): January 2026; 135-146</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2252-4940</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://ijred.cbiore.id/index.php/ijred/article/view/61468/pdf</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2026 The Author(s). Published by Centre of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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