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Tin (II) Chloride Catalyzed Esterification of High FFA Jatropha Oil: Experimental and Kinetics Study

International Journal of Renewable Energy Development : JRED · Vol. 3 No. 2 (2014) · hlm. 75–81

DOI
10.14710/ijred.3.2.75-81
ISSN
2252-4940
Terbit
2014-07-15
Penerbit
Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)
Bahasa
eng

Abstrak

Biodiesel is one of the promising energy source alternatives to fossil fuel. To produce biodiesel in a more economical way, the employment of the low-cost feed stocks, such as non-edible oils with high free fatty acid (FFA), is necessary. Accordingly, the esterification reaction of FFA in vegetable oils plays an important role in the biodiesel production. In this work, esterification of FFA contained in Crude Jatropha Oil (CJO) in the presence of tin (II) chloride catalyst in a batch reactor has been carried out. The esterification reaction was conducted using methanol at the temperature of 40-60 °C for 4 hours. The effect of molar ratio of methanol to oil was studied in the range 15:1 to 120:1. The influence of catalyst loading was investigated in the range of 2.5 to 15% w/w oil. The optimum reaction conversion was obtained at 60 °C with the catalyst loading of 10% w/w oil and molar ratio of methanol to oil of 120:1. A pseudo-homogeneous reversible second order kinetic model for describing the esterification of FFA contained in CJO with methanol over tin (II) chloride catalyst was developed based on the experimental data. The kinetic model can fit the data very well.

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  • State University of Semarang
  • Universitas Gadjah Mada
  • Universiti Teknologi MARA
  • STIKES Griya Husada Sumbawa
  • Diponegoro University
  • Universitas Ahmad Dahlan
  • Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Budhijanto BudhijantoUniversitas Gadjah Mada7
Eko Agus SuyonoUniversitas Gadjah Mada6
Hadiyanto HadiyantoDiponegoro University5
Muhammad Mufti AzisUniversitas Gadjah Mada5
Siti JamilatunUniversitas Ahmad Dahlan4
Eni BudiyatiMuhammadiyah University of Surakarta4
Wusana Agung WibowoSebelas Maret University4
Rochim Bakti CahyonoUniversitas Gadjah Mada4
Haniif PrasetiawanState University of Semarang3
Harumi VenyUniversiti Teknologi MARA3
Wega TrisunaryantiUniversitas Gadjah Mada3
Panut MulyonoUniversitas Gadjah Mada3
Catur Rini WidyastutiState University of Semarang2
Dhoni HartantoState University of Semarang2
Miradatul Najwa Muhd RodhiUniversiti Teknologi MARA2
Fazlena HamzahUniversiti Teknologi MARA2
Ulfah Juniarti SiregarIPB University2
Lucia Tri SuwantiUniversitas Airlangga2
Tia ErfiantiUniversitas Gadjah Mada2
Annisa Putri SalsabilaState University of Semarang1
Widya Hary CahyatiState University of Semarang1
Regina Marsha NathanielaState University of Semarang1
Sultan Aulia RahmatState University of Semarang1
Wandah WibawantoState University of Semarang1
Moch Faizal RachmadiState University of Semarang1
Zuhriyan Ash Shiddieqy BahlawanState University of Semarang1
Nadya Alfa Cahaya ImaniState University of Semarang1
Reni Ainun JannahState University of Semarang1
Rizky IchwanState University of Semarang1
Syifa Azzahra Putri SolihinState University of Semarang1
Iga MaligaSTIKES Griya Husada Sumbawa1
Rika HariniUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Herni HasifahSTIKES Griya Husada Sumbawa1
Ana LestariSTIKES Griya Husada Sumbawa1
Evi WidowatiState University of Semarang1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://ijred.cbiore.id/index.php/ijred/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Tin (II) Chloride Catalyzed Esterification of High FFA Jatropha Oil:  Experimental and Kinetics Study</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Kusumaningtyas, Ratna Dewi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Handayani, Prima Astuti</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Rochmadi, Rochmadi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Purwono, Suryo</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Budiman, Arief</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Esterification; free fatty acid; tin (II) chloride; biodiesel; kinetics</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Biodiesel is one of the promising energy source alternatives to fossil fuel. To produce biodiesel in a more economical way, the employment of the low-cost feed stocks, such as non-edible oils with high free fatty acid (FFA), is necessary. Accordingly, the esterification reaction of FFA in vegetable oils plays an important role in the biodiesel production. In this work, esterification of FFA contained in Crude Jatropha Oil (CJO) in the presence of tin (II) chloride catalyst in a batch reactor has been carried out. The esterification reaction was conducted using methanol at the temperature of 40-60 °C for 4 hours. The effect of molar ratio of methanol to oil was studied in the range 15:1 to 120:1. The influence of catalyst loading was investigated in the range of 2.5 to 15% w/w oil. The optimum reaction conversion was obtained at 60 °C with the catalyst loading of 10% w/w oil and molar ratio of methanol to oil of 120:1. A pseudo-homogeneous reversible second order kinetic model for describing the esterification of FFA contained in CJO with methanol over tin (II) chloride catalyst was developed based on the experimental data. The kinetic model can fit the data very well.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Center of Biomass &amp; Renewable Energy (CBIORE)</dc:publisher>
	<dc:contributor xml:lang="en-US"></dc:contributor>
	<dc:date>2014-07-15</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://ijred.cbiore.id/index.php/ijred/article/view/6959</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.14710/ijred.3.2.75-81</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">International Journal of Renewable Energy Development; Vol 3, No 2 (2014): July 2014; 75-81</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2252-4940</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://ijred.cbiore.id/index.php/ijred/article/view/6959/PDF</dc:relation>
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