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Optimization of pyrolytic oil production from coconut shells by microwave-assisted pyrolysis using activated carbon as a microwave absorber

International Journal of Renewable Energy Development : JRED · Vol. 13 No. 1 (2024) · hlm. 145–157

DOI
10.14710/ijred.2024.56287
ISSN
2252-4940
Terbit
2024-01-01
Penerbit
Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

Coconut shell waste pollutes the environment and affects public health. Converting coconut shell waste to pyrolytic oil (liquid smoke) with antimicrobial properties using microwave-assisted pyrolysis and activated charcoal as an absorbent is a promising solution. The purpose of this study is to investigate the process factors involved in the manufacture of coconut shell pyrolytic oil (liquid smoke) using microwave-assisted pyrolysis, to identify the chemical components in coconut shell pyrolytic oil, and to optimize the process factors using a face-centered central composite design (FCCD). This study further used coconut shells of various sizes (1–3 mm) and employed microwave-assisted pyrolysis with different power levels (300–600 W) and pyrolysis times (5–30 min). The results revealed that the pyrolytic oil (liquid smoke) yield increased as the time and microwave power increased but decreased as the size of the materials decreased. The optimum yield obtained was 34.6% at the following conditions: power of 593.6 W, material size of 2.9 mm, and heating time of 28.5 min. The analysis of the components of the volatile compounds in the pyrolytic oil (liquid smoke) product obtained from gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis identified a total of 14 chemical components in coconut shell pyrolytic oil (liquid smoke) at 300 W, 15 compounds at 450 W, and only 5 components at 600 W. Among these compounds, phenol, dimethoxy phenol, guaiacol, hydroxyanisole, and methoxyphenol were found to have the highest concentrations. The outcomes of this study offer valuable contributions to the development of pyrolytic oil (liquid smoke) products with enhanced quality, flavor, and potential applications in the food industry

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  • Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
  • University of Technology Malaysia
  • Universitas Muslim Indonesia
  • Universitas Dr. Soetomo
  • Universitas Fajar
  • Universitas Jambi
  • Universitas Islam Negeri Fatmawati Sukarno Bengkulu
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Achmad RoesyadiInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember5
Didik PrasetyokoInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember4
Lailatul QadariyahInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember3
Heri Septya KusumaInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember3
Sumarno SumarnoInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember2
Raden DarmawanInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember2
Fitria Nur LailyInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember2
Nyoman Puspa AsriInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember2
Kusno BudikarjonoInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember2
Viqhi AswieInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember2
Rismawati RasyidUniversitas Muslim Indonesia2
Sugeng TriwahyonoUniversity of Technology Malaysia2
Aishah Abdul JalilUniversity of Technology Malaysia2
Desy Tri KusumaningtyasInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember2
Ali AltwayInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember2
Nur Ihda Farikhatin NisaInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember2
Yuyun YuniatiUniversitas Dr. Soetomo1
Selfina GalaUniversitas Fajar1
Zulkarnain ZulkarnainUniversitas Jambi1
Tony Cortis MaigodaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Zulkarnain ZulkarnainUniversitas Islam Negeri Fatmawati Sukarno Bengkulu1
Rudi Hari MurtiUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Izza Aliyatul MunaInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember1
Firman KurniawansyahInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember1
Bagas HardiatmokoInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember1
Aulia DefrianaInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember1
W. WahyudionoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Siti MachmudahInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember1
Motonobu GotoNagoya University1
Susianto SusiantoInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember1
Siti NurkhamidahInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember1
Hardiyanto FirstaInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember1
Hendi Riesta MulyaInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember1
Saidah AltwayInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember1
Adrianto PrihartantyoInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember1
Tri WahyuniInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://ijred.cbiore.id/index.php/ijred/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Optimization of pyrolytic oil production from coconut shells by microwave-assisted pyrolysis using activated carbon as a microwave absorber</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Anggraini, Sinar Perbawani Abrina</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Suprapto, Suprapto</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Juliastuti, Sri Rachmania</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Mahfud, Mahfud</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Liquid smoke; microwave-assisted pyrolysis; activated charcoal;  microwave absorber; coconut shell</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Coconut shell waste pollutes the environment and affects public health. Converting coconut shell waste to pyrolytic oil (liquid smoke) with antimicrobial properties using microwave-assisted pyrolysis and activated charcoal as an absorbent is a promising solution. The purpose of this study is to investigate the process factors involved in the manufacture of coconut shell pyrolytic oil (liquid smoke) using microwave-assisted pyrolysis, to identify the chemical components in coconut shell pyrolytic oil, and to optimize the process factors using a face-centered central composite design (FCCD). This study further used coconut shells of various sizes (1–3 mm) and employed microwave-assisted pyrolysis with different power levels (300–600 W) and pyrolysis times (5–30 min). The results revealed that the pyrolytic oil (liquid smoke) yield increased as the time and microwave power increased but decreased as the size of the materials decreased. The optimum yield obtained was 34.6% at the following conditions: power of 593.6 W, material size of 2.9 mm, and heating time of 28.5 min. The analysis of the components of the volatile compounds in the pyrolytic oil (liquid smoke) product obtained from gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis identified a total of 14 chemical components in coconut shell pyrolytic oil (liquid smoke) at 300 W, 15 compounds at 450 W, and only 5 components at 600 W. Among these compounds, phenol, dimethoxy phenol, guaiacol, hydroxyanisole, and methoxyphenol were found to have the highest concentrations. The outcomes of this study offer valuable contributions to the development of pyrolytic oil (liquid smoke) products with enhanced quality, flavor, and potential applications in the food industry</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Center of Biomass &amp; Renewable Energy (CBIORE)</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2024-01-01</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
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	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://ijred.cbiore.id/index.php/ijred/article/view/56287</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.14710/ijred.2024.56287</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">International Journal of Renewable Energy Development; Vol 13, No 1 (2024): January 2024; 145-157</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2252-4940</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://ijred.cbiore.id/index.php/ijred/article/view/56287/pdf</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Centre of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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