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Aluminum, nickel, and manganese supported on bentonite for conversion of ethanol to gasoline

International Journal of Renewable Energy Development : JRED · Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025) · hlm. 361–369

DOI
10.61435/ijred.2025.60834
ISSN
2252-4940
Terbit
2025-03-01
Penerbit
Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

The potential of bentonite as a catalyst is rapidly growing, isomorphic substitution in its interlayer allows for cation exchange and facilitates modification to enhance its catalytic properties. The catalytic performance of bentonite can be improved through the insertion of pillared clays (PILC) into its interlayer structure using Al2O3, NiO, and MnO metal oxide alloys. This research aims to develop and study a modified bentonite catalyst, focusing on its physicochemical changes,as well as its activity and selectivity in the conversion of ethanol to biogasoline. The synthesis of oxide pillars on bentonite was carried out at a consistent metal/bentonite mole ratio of 10 mmol/g, with a mixed metal composition of 1:1. The results showed anexpansion of interlayer distance, as measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD), which increased in all catalysts compared to natural bentonite6,350 (13.94 Å). Surface Area Analyzer (SAA) analysis, revealed that Al/Bentonite exhibited the highest surface area at187.84 m2/g. Total acidity analyzed, using Temperature Programmed Desorption-Ammonia (TPD-NH3), was found to be 2.33 mmol/g, with Al-Ni/Bentonite showing the highest acidity. Thermal stability, tested throughThermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), indicated that catalysts containing Al and Ni demonstrated the highest stability. The catalytic activity test showed that the Al/bentonite catalyst achieved the highest ethanol conversion rate of68.64% and a catalyst selectivity of 51.70%, as determined byGas Chromatography-Flame Ionized Detector (GC-FID) analysis. These results indicate that the pillarization of bentonite with Al2O3, NiO, and MnO oxides significantly improved its physicochemical properties, activity, and selectivity in the catalytic conversion of ethanol to biogasoline compared to natural bentonite.

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  • National Research and Innovation Agency
  • Sriwijaya University
  • University of Brawijaya
  • Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta
  • Indonesian Institute of Sciences
  • Universitas Prasetiya Mulya
  • Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Egi AgustianNational Research and Innovation Agency8
Isalmi AzizSyarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta7
Sabar Pangihutan SimanungkalitIndonesian Institute of Sciences5
Novia Dwi RahmawatiNational Research and Innovation Agency4
Indri YatiNational Research and Innovation Agency4
Najiah Sephia MaharaniNational Research and Innovation Agency4
Yati MaryatiNational Research and Innovation Agency4
Yusraini Dian Inayati SiregarSyarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta4
Syifa H. NabillahSyarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta4
Hasanudin HasanudinSriwijaya University3
Muhammad Al MuttaqiiNational Research and Innovation Agency3
Roni MaryanaIndonesian Institute of Sciences2
Wan Ryan AsriSriwijaya University2
Fitri HadiahSriwijaya University2
Novia NoviaSriwijaya University2
Barlah RumhayatiUniversity of Brawijaya2
Siti NurbaytiSyarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta2
Lisa AdhaniUniversitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya2
Rafly RiyandiUniversitas Prasetiya Mulya2
Rahmawati RahmawatiSamudra University1
Fahma RiyantiSriwijaya University1
Aditia Nur BaktiNational Research and Innovation Agency1
Deliana DahnumNational Research and Innovation Agency1
Holanda RamadhitaUniversitas Prasetiya Mulya1
Andreas AndreasNational Research and Innovation Agency1
Huyen Tran DangKorea Research Institute of Chemical Technology1
Mhika NakashimaSriwijaya University1
Dibyo PranowoNational Research and Innovation Agency1
Sudibyo SudibyoNational Research and Innovation Agency1
Maja Pranata MarbunAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Asif AunillahNational Research and Innovation Agency1
Teuku Beuna BardantNational Research and Innovation Agency1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://ijred.cbiore.id/index.php/ijred/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Aluminum, nickel, and manganese supported on bentonite for conversion of ethanol to gasoline</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Rahmanda, Deri</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Wardhani, Sri</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Andayani, Ulfa</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Widjaya, Robert R.</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Dwiatmoko, Adid A.</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Rinaldi, Nino</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Prasetyo, Joni</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Kurniawan, Kezia F.</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Catalysis; Pillared Clay (PILC); Bimetallic oxide; Ethanol; Gasoline</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">The potential of bentonite as a catalyst is rapidly growing, isomorphic substitution in its interlayer allows for cation exchange and facilitates modification to enhance its catalytic properties. The catalytic performance of bentonite can be improved through the insertion of pillared clays (PILC) into its interlayer structure using Al2O3, NiO, and MnO metal oxide alloys. This research aims to develop and study a modified bentonite catalyst, focusing on its physicochemical changes,as well as its activity and selectivity in the conversion of ethanol to biogasoline. The synthesis of oxide pillars on bentonite was carried out at a consistent metal/bentonite mole ratio of 10 mmol/g, with a mixed metal composition of 1:1. The results showed anexpansion of interlayer distance, as measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD), which increased in all catalysts compared to natural bentonite6,350 (13.94 Å). Surface Area Analyzer (SAA) analysis, revealed that Al/Bentonite exhibited the highest surface area at187.84 m2/g. Total acidity  analyzed, using Temperature Programmed Desorption-Ammonia (TPD-NH3), was found to be 2.33 mmol/g, with Al-Ni/Bentonite showing the highest acidity. Thermal stability, tested throughThermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), indicated that catalysts containing Al and Ni demonstrated the highest stability. The catalytic activity test showed that the Al/bentonite catalyst achieved the highest ethanol conversion rate of68.64% and a catalyst selectivity of 51.70%, as determined byGas Chromatography-Flame Ionized Detector (GC-FID) analysis. These results indicate that the pillarization of bentonite with Al2O3, NiO, and MnO oxides significantly improved its physicochemical properties, activity, and selectivity in the catalytic conversion of ethanol to biogasoline compared to natural bentonite.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Center of Biomass &amp; Renewable Energy (CBIORE)</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-03-01</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
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	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://ijred.cbiore.id/index.php/ijred/article/view/60834</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.61435/ijred.2025.60834</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">International Journal of Renewable Energy Development; Vol 14, No 2 (2025): March 2025; 361-369</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2252-4940</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://ijred.cbiore.id/index.php/ijred/article/view/60834/pdf</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by Centre of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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