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Strengthening Consumer Protection in Digital Transactions: A Legal Perspective on Click-Wrap Agreements Under the Consumer Protection Law

JURNAL HUKUM · Vol. 41 No. 3 (2025) · hlm. 666–693

DOI
10.26532/jh.v41i3.47262
ISSN
2723-6668, 1412-2723
Terbit
2025-10-01
Penerbit
Unissula
Bahasa
en

Abstrak

This study examines the effectiveness of consumer protection in Indonesia’s digital transactions, with a focus on click-wrap agreements. It addresses three key questions: the normative application of consumer protection laws, the practical challenges in enforcing these laws in online markets, and strategies to strengthen legal safeguards. Using a normative and conceptual juridical approach, the research analyzes relevant legislation, including the consumer protection law, electronic information and transactions law, personal data protection law, Government Regulation Number 80/2019, and Minister of Trade Regulation Number 31/2023. Literature review and legal documents, such as academic studies, court decisions, and government policies, were also examined to assess compliance, identify ambiguous clauses, and evaluate protection mechanisms. Findings indicate that while Indonesia has legal framework guaranteeing consumer rights to accurate information, safety, compensation, and data privacy, practical enforcement remains limited. Click-wrap agreements often contain complex or non-negotiable clauses that reduce consumers’ ability to exercise their rights. Strengthening legal mechanisms, including online dispute resolution, enhanced capacity of the consumer dispute resolution agency, digital consumer literacy, and regulatory harmonization, is essential to bridge the gap between law and practice. Coordinated implementation of these measures can ensure effective, transparent, and equitable protection for digital consumers.

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  • Institut Teknologi Medan
  • National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
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  • Organisasi berbeda
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Tampilkan sebagai tabel
Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Suwarno SuwarnoInstitut Teknologi Medan2
Hendra SusantoNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung University1
Dhaniswara K. HarjonoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Moermahadi SoerjadjanegaraAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Abu Hena Mostofa KamalAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Gunarto GunartoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Al AminAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Andrew BetlehnAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Tomson SitumeangAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Md Zubair Kasem KhanAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Mahadi Hasan MirazAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Wiwik Sri WidiartyAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Agung IriantoroAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Bernard NainggolanAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Johnson Sahat Maruli Tua MaruliAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Eddy DamianAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Christopher J. JohnstoneAfiliasi tidak diketahui1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://jurnal.unissula.ac.id/index.php/jurnalhukum/oai, pertama di-harvest 9 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 9 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Strengthening Consumer Protection in Digital Transactions: A Legal Perspective on Click-Wrap Agreements Under the Consumer Protection Law</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Panjaitan, Hulman</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Girsang, Junimart</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Djanegara, Moermahadi Soerja</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Fahim, Md Hasnath Kabir</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Consumer Protection</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Electronic Transactions</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Click-Wrap Agreement</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Indonesia</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Legal Enforcement</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">This study examines the effectiveness of consumer protection in Indonesia’s digital transactions, with a focus on click-wrap agreements. It addresses three key questions: the normative application of consumer protection laws, the practical challenges in enforcing these laws in online markets, and strategies to strengthen legal safeguards. Using a normative and conceptual juridical approach, the research analyzes relevant legislation, including the consumer protection law, electronic information and transactions law, personal data protection law, Government Regulation Number 80/2019, and Minister of Trade Regulation Number 31/2023. Literature review and legal documents, such as academic studies, court decisions, and government policies, were also examined to assess compliance, identify ambiguous clauses, and evaluate protection mechanisms. Findings indicate that while Indonesia has legal framework guaranteeing consumer rights to accurate information, safety, compensation, and data privacy, practical enforcement remains limited. Click-wrap agreements often contain complex or non-negotiable clauses that reduce consumers’ ability to exercise their rights. Strengthening legal mechanisms, including online dispute resolution, enhanced capacity of the consumer dispute resolution agency, digital consumer literacy, and regulatory harmonization, is essential to bridge the gap between law and practice. Coordinated implementation of these measures can ensure effective, transparent, and equitable protection for digital consumers.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Unissula</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-10-01</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://jurnal.unissula.ac.id/index.php/jurnalhukum/article/view/47262</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.26532/jh.v41i3.47262</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Jurnal Hukum; Vol. 41 No. 3 (2025): Jurnal Hukum; 666-693</dc:source>
	<dc:source xml:lang="id">Jurnal Hukum; Vol 41 No 3 (2025): Jurnal Hukum; 666-693</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2723-6668</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1412-2723</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.26532/jh.v41i3</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://jurnal.unissula.ac.id/index.php/jurnalhukum/article/view/47262/13913</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Hulman Panjaitan, Junimart Girsang, Moermahadi Soerja Djanegara, Md Hasnath Kabir Fahim</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>