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Integrity of Women’s Bodies: The Urgency of Protecting Women from Catcalling as a Form of Symbolic Violence

JURNAL HUKUM · Vol. 42 No. 1 (2025) · hlm. 1–23

DOI
10.26532/jh.v42i1.48831
ISSN
2723-6668, 1412-2723
Terbit
2025-12-30
Penerbit
Unissula
Bahasa
en

Abstrak

Catcalling has emerged as a pervasive form of symbolic violence in Indonesian public spaces, threatening women’s bodily integrity and limiting their freedom of movement. This study aims to analyze catcalling as an expression of patriarchal culture that reduces women’s bodies to sexual objects, examines its psychological, social, and physical impacts on victims, and evaluates gaps in the Indonesian legal system regarding verbal sexual harassment. Despite the harmful consequences, current regulations often fail to explicitly address verbal harassment in public spaces, and such behaviors are frequently considered trivial or tolerated as part of local customs. This research employs a normative and comparative legal approach, examining both Indonesian laws and international best practices to identify lessons that can inform more effective legal protections. The study also explores institutional mechanisms necessary to safeguard women’s rights and dignity. The findings indicate that catcalling contributes to fear, anxiety, trauma, and prolonged stress among women, reinforcing unsafe conditions and perpetuating gender inequality. The study underscores the urgent need for comprehensive, gender-just legal reforms that explicitly criminalize verbal harassment, provide adequate remedies for victims, and promote public awareness.

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  • State University of Malang
  • Universitas Jayabaya
  • Pakuan University
  • Samarkand Institute of Economics and Service
  • Universitas Sembilanbelas November Kolaka
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Linda CahayaniAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
IrabiahUniversitas Sembilanbelas November Kolaka1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://jurnal.unissula.ac.id/index.php/jurnalhukum/oai, pertama di-harvest 9 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 9 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Integrity of Women’s Bodies: The Urgency of Protecting Women from Catcalling as a Form of Symbolic Violence</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Tijow, Lusiana Margareth</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sagala, Rotua Valentina</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Khaq, Akhsanul</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sobirov, Bobur</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Bodily Integrity</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Catcalling</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Symbolic Violence</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Progressive Law</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Women’s Protection</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Catcalling has emerged as a pervasive form of symbolic violence in Indonesian public spaces, threatening women’s bodily integrity and limiting their freedom of movement. This study aims to analyze catcalling as an expression of patriarchal culture that reduces women’s bodies to sexual objects, examines its psychological, social, and physical impacts on victims, and evaluates gaps in the Indonesian legal system regarding verbal sexual harassment. Despite the harmful consequences, current regulations often fail to explicitly address verbal harassment in public spaces, and such behaviors are frequently considered trivial or tolerated as part of local customs. This research employs a normative and comparative legal approach, examining both Indonesian laws and international best practices to identify lessons that can inform more effective legal protections. The study also explores institutional mechanisms necessary to safeguard women’s rights and dignity. The findings indicate that catcalling contributes to fear, anxiety, trauma, and prolonged stress among women, reinforcing unsafe conditions and perpetuating gender inequality. The study underscores the urgent need for comprehensive, gender-just legal reforms that explicitly criminalize verbal harassment, provide adequate remedies for victims, and promote public awareness.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Unissula</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-12-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://jurnal.unissula.ac.id/index.php/jurnalhukum/article/view/48831</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.26532/jh.v42i1.48831</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Jurnal Hukum; Vol. 42 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Hukum; 1-23</dc:source>
	<dc:source xml:lang="id">Jurnal Hukum; Vol 42 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Hukum; 1-23</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2723-6668</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1412-2723</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.26532/jh.v42i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://jurnal.unissula.ac.id/index.php/jurnalhukum/article/view/48831/14766</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Lusiana Margareth Tijow, Rotua Valentina Sagala, Akhsanul Khaq, Bobur Sobirov</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>