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Waste-Derived Cellulose Nanocrystal–ZnO Nanocomposites Prepared by a One-Pot Green Synthesis: Structural, Optical, and Photocatalytic Properties

JURNAL ILMIAH PENDIDIKAN FISIKA AL BIRUNI · Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025) · hlm. 71–86

DOI
10.24042/jipfalbiruni.v14i2.28456
ISSN
2503-023X, 2303-1832
Terbit
2025-12-20
Penerbit
Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung, Indonesia
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

Nanocellulose-based CNC–ZnO nanocomposites from garlic peel waste were successfully synthesized as environmentally friendly photocatalysts. This study aimed to valorize kitchen waste as a source of cellulose and combine it with ZnO through a one-pot precipitation method using CNC and Zn(NO₃)₂ as ZnO precursors. Structural, morphological, and optical properties were characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM–EDX, XRF, and UV–Vis DRS. The XRD pattern showed a crystalline cellulose peak at 2θ ≈ 22.22° with a crystallite size of approximately 20.65 nm, while the CNC–ZnO nanocomposites showed crystallite sizes in the range of 23.93–31.12 nm. Peak shifts and broadening suggested interfacial interactions between CNC and ZnO, and the wurtzite ZnO reflections displayed a broad shoulder due to overlap with the cellulose peak and the high dispersion of ZnO within the CNC matrix. SEM–EDX analysis revealed a rod-like bundled agglomerated morphology, with the presence of Zn confirmed by EDX (39.23%) and XRF (~8.36%). The CNC–ZnO0.9 sample exhibited a band gap energy of 2.95 eV. Photocatalytic test against methyl orange (10 ppm) increased with UV irradiation time, achieving net photocatalytic efficiencies of 79.12% and 63% in the first and second cycles after 120 min, respectively. Kinetic analysis indicated that the degradation data were better described by a pseudo-second-order model with a rate constant of 0.0374 min⁻¹, indicating the role of surface interactions and the availability of active sites. These results confirmed the potential of CNC–ZnO nanocomposites derived from garlic peel waste as photocatalysts for organic dye degradation

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  • Lampung University
  • Sumatera Institute of Technology
  • IPB University
  • Universitas Gadjah Mada
  • Universitas Dian Nuswantoro
  • Indonesian Institute of Sciences
  • Politeknik Negeri Pontianak
  • Afiliasi tidak diketahui
  • Organisasi berbeda
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Marimin MariminIPB University1
Hartrisari HardjomidjojoIPB University1
Rindra YusiantoUniversitas Dian Nuswantoro1
Faculty of science, Sumatera Institute of Technology, 35365, Indonesia Department of PhysicsAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Faculty of science, Sumatera Institute of Technology, 35365, Indonesia Department of Master PhysicsAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
University of Indonesia, 16424, Indonesia Mathematic and Science FacultyAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Sumatera Institute of Technology, 35365, Indonesia Department of ChemistryAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
University of Lampung, 3514, Indonesia Department of PhysicsAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
FMIPA, ITB, Bandung, Indonesia Physics of Magnetic and Photonic Research Group divisionAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Indonesia National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Iskandar Zulkarnain Tanjung Bintang Tanjung BintangAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Yayat Iman SupriyatnaIndonesian Institute of Sciences1
Priyan PrayogoSumatera Institute of Technology1
Herman HermanAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ilma MaulidinaSumatera Institute of Technology1
Dwi FebriantiSumatera Institute of Technology1
Rifqi Almusawi RafsanjaniAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Iin RianandaSumatera Institute of Technology1
Ridho HidayatSumatera Institute of Technology1
Laila Khafidatul RosidahSumatera Institute of Technology1
Jesica ViolinaSumatera Institute of Technology1
Okta Ferli SuryadiSumatera Institute of Technology1
Indra PardedeSumatera Institute of Technology1
Subyantoro SubyantoroAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Bernadus Wahyudi Joko SantosoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Humairoh Ratu AyuLampung University1
Rifki Mohamad KurniawansyahLampung University1
Junaidi JunaidiLampung University1
Muhammad Syarif HidayatullahLampung University1
Gurum Ahmad PauziLampung University1
Muhammad RomliIPB University1
‪Tati NurhayatiIPB University1
Untung Trimo LaksonoPoliteknik Negeri Pontianak1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/al-biruni/oai, pertama di-harvest 9 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 9 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Waste-Derived Cellulose Nanocrystal–ZnO Nanocomposites Prepared by a One-Pot Green Synthesis: Structural, Optical, and Photocatalytic Properties</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Suciyati, Sri Wahyu</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Prastica, Lusia </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Supriyanto, Amir </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Suprihatin, Suprihatin</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Manurung, Posman </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Suharyadi, Edy </dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">CNC-ZnO nanocomposite</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Garlic skin</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Methyl orange</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">One-Pot Green Synthesis</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Pseudo-second-order</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Nanocellulose-based CNC–ZnO nanocomposites from garlic peel waste were successfully synthesized as environmentally friendly photocatalysts. This study aimed to valorize kitchen waste as a source of cellulose and combine it with ZnO through a one-pot precipitation method using CNC and Zn(NO₃)₂ as ZnO precursors. Structural, morphological, and optical properties were characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM–EDX, XRF, and UV–Vis DRS. The XRD pattern showed a crystalline cellulose peak at 2θ ≈ 22.22° with a crystallite size of approximately 20.65 nm, while the CNC–ZnO nanocomposites showed crystallite sizes in the range of 23.93–31.12 nm. Peak shifts and broadening suggested interfacial interactions between CNC and ZnO, and the wurtzite ZnO reflections displayed a broad shoulder due to overlap with the cellulose peak and the high dispersion of ZnO within the CNC matrix. SEM–EDX analysis revealed a rod-like bundled agglomerated morphology, with the presence of Zn confirmed by EDX (39.23%) and XRF (~8.36%). The CNC–ZnO0.9 sample exhibited a band gap energy of 2.95 eV. Photocatalytic test against methyl orange (10 ppm) increased with UV irradiation time, achieving net photocatalytic efficiencies of 79.12% and 63% in the first and second cycles after 120 min, respectively. Kinetic analysis indicated that the degradation data were better described by a pseudo-second-order model with a rate constant of 0.0374 min⁻¹, indicating the role of surface interactions and the availability of active sites. These results confirmed the potential of CNC–ZnO nanocomposites derived from garlic peel waste as photocatalysts for organic dye degradation</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung, Indonesia</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-12-20</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/al-biruni/article/view/28456</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.24042/jipfalbiruni.v14i2.28456</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Fisika Al-Biruni; Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Fisika Al-Biruni; 71-86</dc:source>
	<dc:source xml:lang="id">Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Fisika Al-Biruni; Vol 14 No 2 (2025): Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Fisika Al-Biruni; 71-86</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2503-023X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2303-1832</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/al-biruni/article/view/28456/10303</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Physics Education Department, UIN Raden Intan Lampung, Indonesia</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>