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Utilization of Clean Water, Personal Hygiene of Toddler Caregivers, and Smoking Behavior of Family Members as Risk Factors for Cases of Stunting Toddlers

JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN (Journal of Environmental Health) · Vol. 13 No. 1 (2021) · hlm. 48–56

DOI
10.20473/jkl.v13i1.2021.48-56
ISSN
2540-881X, 1829-7285
Terbit
2021-01-29
Penerbit
Universitas Airlangga
Bahasa
eng

Abstrak

Introduction: Pasuruan District was in the 7th rank of the highest stunting prevalence in the East Java Province (39.7%). Stunting cases that are not handled properly lead to the decrease of cognitive and motor skills, productivity, and even lead to death. One of the risk factors for stunting cases is a history of infection with toddlers (or children under five) from poor behavior of family and caregiver. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of clean water use, personal hygiene for toddler caregivers, and the smoking behavior of family members in cases of stunting toddlers in Pasuruan District. Methods: The research was conducted using a case-control design with a ratio of 1: 1. Sampling using stratified random sampling and the proportion of 2% of 2,718 toddlers. Toddlers with z-scores <-3SD – <-2SD became a case group of 118 and toddlers with z-scores ≥-2SD – 2SD became controls of 114. Results and Discussion: There was an effect between smoking inside the house (p = 0.004, OR = 0.473), dishes and drinking utensils washed with soap and running water (p = 0.029, OR = 2.726), washing hands with soap and running water by caregivers (p = 0.002, OR = 2.52), and cutting fingernails by caregivers (p = 0.006, OR = 0.544) on cases of stunting toddlers. Conclusion: Clean water utilization, personal hygiene of toddler caregivers, and the smoking behavior of family members are the risks in the incidence of stunting toddlers in Pasuruan District. The variable of dishes and drinking utensils washed with soap and running water is the highest risk (OR = 2.726) for cases of stunting toddlers in Pasuruan District. The food and drink utensils that are not washed properly and correctly will allow bacterial contamination which causes toddlers to become infected.

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  • Universitas Airlangga
  • UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Ririh YudhastutiAfiliasi tidak diketahui6
Nafi'atul IrbahAfiliasi tidak diketahui6
Renaningtyas NityasaniAfiliasi tidak diketahui6
Lilis SulistyoriniAfiliasi tidak diketahui5
Rania Ichwana WicaksonoAfiliasi tidak diketahui5
Shamsul Bahari ShamsudinAfiliasi tidak diketahui5
Muhammad Rasyid RidhaAfiliasi tidak diketahui4
Hari Basuki NotobrotoAfiliasi tidak diketahui4
Rahmat DapariAfiliasi tidak diketahui4
Diva Alishya ShafwahAfiliasi tidak diketahui4
Babucarr JasseyAfiliasi tidak diketahui4
R AzizahAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Azmi Nur FadlillahUniversitas Airlangga2
Nahdhiah Khoirun NisaUniversitas Airlangga2
I Gde Raju Sathya MurtiUniversitas Airlangga2
Asriani MuflihahUniversitas Airlangga2
Retno AndriyaniUniversitas Airlangga2
Ratnaningtyas Wahyu Kusuma WardaniUniversitas Airlangga2
Edza Aria WikurendraAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Amira Dhisa FakhiraAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Imre NagyAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Nour Salah Mohammad AbdeljawadAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Soedjajadi KemanAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Eka Saul ManuelAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Mochamad Rizal MaulanaUniversitas Airlangga1
Fransisca SusilastutiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Siswati SiswatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Hanien FirmansyahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Lulukatin NasikhahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Moch Irfan HadiUIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya1
Izza MahendraAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Sigit Ari SaputroAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Syahrul Afifa Ratna SariAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ranimas Ayu WulandariAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Juliana Binti JalaludinAfiliasi tidak diketahui1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JKL/oai, pertama di-harvest 9 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 9 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Utilization of Clean Water, Personal Hygiene of Toddler Caregivers, and Smoking Behavior of Family Members as Risk Factors for Cases of Stunting Toddlers</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Ravsanjanie, Milada Mohammad</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Pawitra, Aditya Sukma</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Diyanah, Khuliyah Candraning</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Zakaria, Zainul Amiruddin</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Marmaya, Najihah Hanisah BTE</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Clean Water</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Personal Hygiene</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Smoking</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Stunting</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Introduction: Pasuruan District was in the 7th rank of the highest stunting prevalence in the East Java Province (39.7%). Stunting cases that are not handled properly lead to the decrease of cognitive and motor skills, productivity, and even lead to death. One of the risk factors for stunting cases is a history of infection with toddlers (or children under five) from poor behavior of family and caregiver. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of clean water use, personal hygiene for toddler caregivers, and the smoking behavior of family members in cases of stunting toddlers in Pasuruan District. Methods: The research was conducted using a case-control design with a ratio of 1: 1. Sampling using stratified random sampling and the proportion of 2% of 2,718 toddlers. Toddlers with z-scores &amp;lt;-3SD – &amp;lt;-2SD became a case group of 118 and toddlers with z-scores ≥-2SD – 2SD became controls of 114. Results and Discussion: There was an effect between smoking inside the house (p = 0.004, OR = 0.473), dishes and drinking utensils washed with soap and running water (p = 0.029, OR = 2.726), washing hands with soap and running water by caregivers (p = 0.002, OR = 2.52), and cutting fingernails by caregivers (p = 0.006, OR = 0.544) on cases of stunting toddlers. Conclusion: Clean water utilization, personal hygiene of toddler caregivers, and the smoking behavior of family members are the risks in the incidence of stunting toddlers in Pasuruan District. The variable of dishes and drinking utensils washed with soap and running water is the highest risk (OR = 2.726) for cases of stunting toddlers in Pasuruan District. The food and drink utensils that are not washed properly and correctly will allow bacterial contamination which causes toddlers to become infected.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Universitas Airlangga</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2021-01-29</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JKL/article/view/24072</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.20473/jkl.v13i1.2021.48-56</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN ; Vol. 13 No. 1 (2021): JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN; 48-56</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2540-881X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1829-7285</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JKL/article/view/24072/13389</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2021 JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>