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Risk Factors of Computer Vision Syndrome: A Review of Ocular Causes Among School and College Students

JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN (Journal of Environmental Health) · Vol. 15 No. 1 (2023) · hlm. 1–15

DOI
10.20473/jkl.v15i1.2023.1-15
ISSN
2540-881X, 1829-7285
Terbit
2023-01-30
Penerbit
Universitas Airlangga
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Abstrak

Introduction: According to the results of a survey published in 2022, mobile phone users have reached two-thirds (67.1%) of the world population. This number has increased by 1.8% over the past year, which is equivalent to 95 million new mobile users. However, gadgets are often misused and can cause a health problem called Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS). This study aimed to identify risk factors for the occurrence of ocular CVS symptoms among school and college students. Discussion: This study was conducted using the literature review method. The main sources for this study were articles obtained through the selection process by setting inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study showed that from a total of 1,763 articles found, 27 articles met the predetermined criteria. A total of 18 of the 27 articles (66.7%) had college student as respondents, and 24 of the 27 articles used cross-sectional research methods (88.9%). In this study, 16 CVS ocular symptoms were found. The risk factors for CVS were individual characteristics (students aged under 18 years and students aged 18–25 years, and gadget users with contact lenses or glasses), smartphone users, individual habits, and ambient lighting while operating gadgets. Conclusions: This study concludes that students are at risk of experiencing CVS if they do not support gadget use with habits such as implementing rest periods between activities using gadgets.

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  • Universitas Airlangga
  • Universiti Teknologi MARA
  • Udayana University
  • Universiti Putra Malaysia
  • Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia
  • Universiti Sains Malaysia
  • Afiliasi tidak diketahui
  • Organisasi berbeda
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Zida HusninaUniversitas Airlangga2
Shaharuddin Mohd ShamUniversiti Putra Malaysia2
Feryalin NavyantiUniversitas Airlangga1
Muhimatul UmmahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Hernanda Arie NurfitriaUniversitas Airlangga1
Shulkhiatus Syafa’ahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Shofiyah Salma FarumiUniversitas Airlangga1
Ummi Sholichatur RachmaUniversitas Airlangga1
Taufik ImadudinUniversitas Airlangga1
Rachman SetiawanUniversitas Airlangga1
Fitri Anisai RohmahUniversitas Airlangga1
Muhafasya Karunia AzzahraUniversitas Airlangga1
Diva Alishya ShafwahUniversitas Airlangga1
Cresti Sukmadevi SondakhKementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia1
Khuliyah Candraning DiyanahUniversitas Airlangga1
Galuh Mega KurniaUniversitas Airlangga1
Corie Indria PrasastiUniversitas Airlangga1
Putri Namira ZulaikhaUniversitas Airlangga1
Ahmad Zia Ul-SaufieUniversiti Teknologi MARA1
Siti Nurshahida NazliUniversiti Teknologi MARA1
Sigit Ari SaputroUniversitas Airlangga1
Ayus Talitha IdeliaUniversitas Airlangga1
Mohd Yusmaidie AzizUniversiti Sains Malaysia1
Aulia ChoirunnisaUniversitas Airlangga1
Yusrina Nurul AanisahUniversitas Airlangga1
Ilyas IbrahimAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Birayu Jeny AfdhalashUniversitas Airlangga1
Anca LaikaUniversitas Airlangga1
Aini FadlilaUniversitas Airlangga1
Ulfa NurzilaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1

Afiliasi berasal dari OpenAlex; metadata OAI-PMH jurnal tidak memuatnya. Penulis tanpa ID OpenAlex dicocokkan berdasarkan nama, sehingga dua orang bisa tergabung atau satu orang bisa terpisah.

Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JKL/oai, pertama di-harvest 9 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 9 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Risk Factors of Computer Vision Syndrome: A Review of Ocular Causes Among School and College Students</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Maroef, Viddina Xyquizintya</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Retno Adriyani</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>I Wayan Gede Artawan Eka Putra</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS)</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Gadget</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Risk factor</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Introduction: According to the results of a survey published in 2022, mobile phone users have reached two-thirds (67.1%) of the world population. This number has increased by 1.8% over the past year, which is equivalent to 95 million new mobile users. However, gadgets are often misused and can cause a health problem called Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS). This study aimed to identify risk factors for the occurrence of ocular CVS symptoms among school and college students. Discussion: This study was conducted using the literature review method. The main sources for this study were articles obtained through the selection process by setting inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study showed that from a total of 1,763 articles found, 27 articles met the predetermined criteria. A total of 18 of the 27 articles (66.7%) had college student as respondents, and 24 of the 27 articles used cross-sectional research methods (88.9%). In this study, 16 CVS ocular symptoms were found. The risk factors for CVS were individual characteristics (students aged under 18 years and students aged 18–25 years, and gadget users with contact lenses or glasses), smartphone users, individual habits, and ambient lighting while operating gadgets. Conclusions: This study concludes that students are at risk of experiencing CVS if they do not support gadget use with habits such as implementing rest periods between activities using gadgets.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Universitas Airlangga</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2023-01-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:format>text/xml</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JKL/article/view/40120</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.20473/jkl.v15i1.2023.1-15</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN ; Vol. 15 No. 1 (2023): JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN; 1-15</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2540-881X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1829-7285</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JKL/article/view/40120/23839</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JKL/article/view/40120/23840</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>