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Distribution and Abundance of Microplastics in Underground Rivers in the South Malang Karst Area: First Evidence in Indonesia

JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN (Journal of Environmental Health) · Vol. 16 No. 2 (2024) · hlm. 101–109

DOI
10.20473/jkl.v16i2.2024.101-109
ISSN
2540-881X, 1829-7285
Terbit
2024-04-29
Penerbit
Universitas Airlangga
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Abstrak

Introduction: The presence of microplastics in the environment increases the diversity of types of pollutants in waters, including clean water sources on the surface and underground. Karst areas have unique hydrological characteristics, with cracks and fissures between the rocks that can be potential routes for the transport and accumulation of microplastics in underground river flows. In this study, we want to know the distribution and abundance of microplastics in underground rivers in the karst area of South Malang, Indonesia. Methods: Samples were collected purposively from underground river of Lowo, Banyu and Sengik. Microplastics were prepared using a diluted solvent of 30% H2SO4 and 30% H2O2. The sediment sample was dried and then filtered twice using 300-mesh size nylon filters until microplastic particles accumulated. Results and Discussion: Microplastics were detected in all water samples, with an average abundance ranging from 1.8 to 2.3 particles per liter. Fibers were the dominant microplastic type, followed by fragments and films, while the color distribution includes blue, white, red, yellow, black, green, pink, and brown. Conclusion: Microplastic contamination has been found in underground river flows in the karst area of South Malang, Indonesia. Karst soil, traditionally viewed as a natural filter, is not impervious to plastic pollution. This suggests significantly higher surface contamination than previously assumed. Therefore, reducing surface pollution is essential to safeguard the precious quality of underground aquifers and protect public health above.

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  • UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya
  • Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia
  • Universitas Airlangga
  • Indonesian Institute of Sciences
  • Universitas Widya Kartika
  • Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Mirna WidiyantiKementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia3
Mei Lina Fitri KumalasariUIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya3
Muhammad Yusuf AlamudiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Yudied Agung MirasaKementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia2
Soedjajadi KemanUniversitas Airlangga2
Muhammad Falikhul Musyaffa'UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya1
Kartika DewiIndonesian Institute of Sciences1
Nanang SupriatnaIndonesian Institute of Sciences1
Khuliyah Candraning DiyanahUniversitas Airlangga1
Izza MahendraUniversitas Airlangga1
Sigit Ari SaputroUniversitas Airlangga1
Syahrul Afifa Ratna SariKementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia1
Haidar Rafli Putra SuhardiUIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya1
Atiqoh ZummahUIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya1
Evi Iriani NataliaKementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia1
Dedi Ananta PurbaKementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia1
Setyo AdiningsihKementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JKL/oai, pertama di-harvest 9 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 9 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Distribution and Abundance of Microplastics in Underground Rivers in the South Malang Karst Area: First Evidence in Indonesia</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Suprayogi, Dedy</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Utama, Teguh Taruna</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Hadi, Moch Irfan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Agung, Tri Sunan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Rizqiyah, Ziadatur</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Indonesia</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Karst area</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Microplastics</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">South Malang</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Underground rivers</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Introduction: The presence of microplastics in the environment increases the diversity of types of pollutants in waters, including clean water sources on the surface and underground. Karst areas have unique hydrological characteristics, with cracks and fissures between the rocks that can be potential routes for the transport and accumulation of microplastics in underground river flows. In this study, we want to know the distribution and abundance of microplastics in underground rivers in the karst area of South Malang, Indonesia.
Methods: Samples were collected purposively from underground river of Lowo, Banyu and Sengik. Microplastics were prepared using a diluted solvent of 30% H2SO4 and 30% H2O2. The sediment sample was dried and then filtered twice using 300-mesh size nylon filters until microplastic particles accumulated.
Results and Discussion: Microplastics were detected in all water samples, with an average abundance ranging from 1.8 to 2.3 particles per liter. Fibers were the dominant microplastic type, followed by fragments and films, while the color distribution includes blue, white, red, yellow, black, green, pink, and brown.
Conclusion: Microplastic contamination has been found in underground river flows in the karst area of South Malang, Indonesia. Karst soil, traditionally viewed as a natural filter, is not impervious to plastic pollution. This suggests significantly higher surface contamination than previously assumed. Therefore, reducing surface pollution is essential to safeguard the precious quality of underground aquifers and protect public health above.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Universitas Airlangga</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2024-04-29</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:format>text/xml</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JKL/article/view/52862</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.20473/jkl.v16i2.2024.101-109</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN ; Vol. 16 No. 2 (2024): JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN; 101-109</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2540-881X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1829-7285</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JKL/article/view/52862/28535</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JKL/article/view/52862/28536</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>