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Association Between Indoor Air Quality and Sick Building Syndrome Among Workers in Food Outlets in Selangor, Malaysia

JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN (Journal of Environmental Health) · Vol. 16 No. 4 (2024) · hlm. 331–341

DOI
10.20473/jkl.v16i4.2024.331-341
ISSN
2540-881X, 1829-7285
Terbit
2024-10-31
Penerbit
Universitas Airlangga
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Abstrak

Introduction: Indoor air pollution, causing health issues like Sick Building Syndrome (SBS), is the third largest global contributor to disability-adjusted life years, emphasizing the urgent need for improved indoor air quality. This study aimed to determine the association between Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) and SBS among workers at food outlets in Selangor, Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 107 workers in mall, new and old food outlet. A set of standardized and validated version questionnaires of the Industry Code of Practice on Indoor Air Quality (ICOP IAQ) 2010 was distributed to obtain respondents’ sociodemographic information, symptoms present at the workplace, and psychosocial information. Results and Discussion: The study found significant differences in temperature (p = 0.004), air velocity (p = 0.037), ultrafine particles (p = 0.005), and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations (p = 0.006) in malls, new and old food outlets. Workers in old food outlets had the highest prevalence of SBS (66.7%), compared to those in new outlets (60.5%) and mall outlets (64.7%). Environmental characteristics, such as increased dust and particulate matter during renovation (OR = 6.17, 95% CI = 1.34-28.34), repair (OR = 2.43, 95% CI = 1.03-5.76), along with temperature variations (OR = 7.21, 95% CI = 2.52-20.66) significantly influencing SBS. Conclusion: SBS prevalence in food outlets is not significantly linked to IAQ parameters, but exposure to UFP and PM2.5 may contribute to its development. However, it is significantly associated with workplace renovations and repairs for interior design, as well as varying temperatures.

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  • Universitas Airlangga
  • Universiti Putra Malaysia
  • Universiti Sains Malaysia
  • Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta
  • Universiti Teknologi MARA
  • Jenderal Soedirman University
  • Universitas Jember
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
R. AzizahUniversitas Airlangga4
Zaneta Aaqilah SalsabilaUniversitas Airlangga2
Zafira Nuha NauraUniversitas Airlangga2
Arif SumantriSyarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta2
Novi Dian ArfianiUniversitas Airlangga2
Muhammad Addin RizaldiJenderal Soedirman University1
Globila NurikaUniversitas Jember1
Mochammad SholehhudinUniversitas Airlangga1
Rahmadani RahmadaniHasanuddin University1
Tita Widya ArindayuUniversitas Airlangga1
Shaharuddin Mohd ShamUniversiti Putra Malaysia1
Lovetta Yatta JuanahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ahmadi AhmadiUniversitas Ibnu Sina1
Salsabila Al FirdausiUniversitas Airlangga1
Sheril AzisUniversitas Airlangga1
Muhammad NazmanUniversiti Putra Malaysia1
Puteri Balqis Mohd HattaUniversiti Putra Malaysia1
Muhamad Radzi ZainonAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Mohd Yusmaidie AzizUniversiti Sains Malaysia1
Rafeezul MohamedUniversiti Sains Malaysia1
Ahmad Razali IshakUniversiti Teknologi MARA1
Muhamad Azwat AbdullahUniversiti Teknologi MARA1
Hisham Atan EdinurUniversiti Sains Malaysia1
Siti Aisyah MualifUniversity of Technology Malaysia1
Muhammad Azrul ZabidiUniversiti Sains Malaysia1
Maisarah Nasution WarasUniversiti Sains Malaysia1
Lilis SulistyoriniUniversitas Airlangga1
R AzizahUniversitas Airlangga1
Rahayu Putri UtamiUniversitas Airlangga1
Mifaidah KusumawatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Sitti NursetiawatiState University of Jakarta1
Fenny RaharyantiUniversitas Ibn Khaldun Bogor1
Didin SaepudinSyarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta1
GaziSyarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta1
Siti Nur Aisyah JauharohSyarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JKL/oai, pertama di-harvest 9 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 9 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Association Between Indoor Air Quality and Sick Building Syndrome Among Workers in Food Outlets in Selangor, Malaysia</dc:title>
	<dc:creator> Ismahani Isman, Nur Izzah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Jalaludin, Juliana </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator> Suhaimi, Nur Faseeha</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Fahimah Hashim</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Abdul Rohim Tualeka</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Air quality</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Food outlet</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Indoor</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Workers exposure</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Introduction: Indoor air pollution, causing health issues like Sick Building Syndrome (SBS), is the third largest global contributor to disability-adjusted life years, emphasizing the urgent need for improved indoor air quality. This study aimed to determine the association between Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) and SBS among workers at food outlets in Selangor, Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 107 workers in mall, new and old food outlet. A set of standardized and validated version questionnaires of the Industry Code of Practice on Indoor Air Quality (ICOP IAQ) 2010 was distributed to obtain respondents’ sociodemographic information, symptoms present at the workplace, and psychosocial information. Results and Discussion: The study found significant differences in temperature (p = 0.004), air velocity (p = 0.037), ultrafine particles (p = 0.005), and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations (p = 0.006) in malls, new and old food outlets. Workers in old food outlets had the highest prevalence of SBS (66.7%), compared to those in new outlets (60.5%) and mall outlets (64.7%). Environmental characteristics, such as increased dust and particulate matter during renovation (OR = 6.17, 95% CI = 1.34-28.34), repair (OR = 2.43, 95% CI = 1.03-5.76), along with temperature variations (OR = 7.21, 95% CI = 2.52-20.66) significantly influencing SBS. Conclusion: SBS prevalence in food outlets is not significantly linked to IAQ parameters, but exposure to UFP and PM2.5 may contribute to its development. However, it is significantly associated with workplace renovations and repairs for interior design, as well as varying temperatures.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Universitas Airlangga</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2024-10-31</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>text/xml</dc:format>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JKL/article/view/56990</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.20473/jkl.v16i4.2024.331-341</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN ; Vol. 16 No. 4 (2024): JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN; 331-341</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2540-881X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1829-7285</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JKL/article/view/56990/31287</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JKL/article/view/56990/30286</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>