Melola Discovery

← Melola Discovery

Akses terbuka Jurnal SINTA 1

Association Between Pesticide Exposure and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Female Farmers: A Cross-Sectional Study

JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN (Journal of Environmental Health) · Vol. 17 No. 3 (2025) · hlm. 220–229

DOI
10.20473/jkl.v17i3.2025.220-229
ISSN
2540-881X, 1829-7285
Terbit
2025-07-28
Penerbit
Universitas Airlangga
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Abstrak

Introduction: The widespread use of pesticides in agriculture has been linked to an increased risk of diabetes mellitus. Long-term exposure to pesticides can disrupt glucose metabolism, trigger insulin resistance, and raise susceptibility to diabetes mellitus. This study investigates the association between pesticide exposure and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design involved 162 female farmers selected by purposive sampling from a population of 2,187, using the Lemeshow formula. Independent variables included work duration, types and frequency of pesticide use, spraying duration and direction, PPE usage, and cholinesterase levels. The dependent variable was type 2 diabetes mellitus. Data were collected through questionnaires, observation, and clinical tests for blood glucose and cholinesterase levels. Logistic regression was performed at 95% CI and α = 0.05. Result and Discussion: The results showed that 69.1% of female farmers exposed to pesticides had diabetes with lower cholinesterase levels as a significant indicator (p<0.001; OR=3.897; 95% CI=2.087-7.277). Factors such as working duration ≥10 years (p=0.010; OR=3.564; 95% CI=1.359-9.346), number of pesticides types (p=0.023; OR=3.370; 95% CI=1.187-9.570), spraying duration (p=0.020; OR=3.083; 95% CI=1.197-7.940), and PPE usage (p=0.007; OR=3.601; 95% CI=1.416-9.159) were associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Pesticides, particularly organophosphates and carbamates, act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals that impair pancreatic function and increase oxidative stress, contributing to insulin resistance. Female farmers more vulnerable to these effects due to hormonal sensitivity, making gender specific approaches essential. Strict regulations and farmer education are crucial to reduce long-term health risks.

Kata kunci

Jaringan kolaborasi para penulis

34 penulis · 97 tautan kepenulisan bersama · 12 lintas organisasi

Arahkan kursor atau ketuk sebuah nama untuk menyorot rekan penulisnya. Klik dua kali untuk membuka halaman penulis.

  • Diponegoro University
  • State University of Semarang
  • Universitas Ahmad Dahlan
  • Universitas Jember
  • Afiliasi tidak diketahui
  • Organisasi berbeda
  • Organisasi sama
  • Afiliasi tidak diketahui
  • Garis lebih tebal = lebih banyak artikel bersama · lingkaran lebih besar = lebih banyak artikel
Tampilkan sebagai tabel
Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Mursid RaharjoDiponegoro University2
SuhartonoDiponegoro University2
Apoina KartiniDiponegoro University2
Sulistiyani SulistiyaniDiponegoro University2
SulistiyaniDiponegoro University2
Citta Zahra PrimaliaDiponegoro University1
BudiyonoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Efa NugrohoState University of Semarang1
Cahya Tri PurnamiDiponegoro University1
Ayu IstiadaState University of Semarang1
Mateus Sakundarno AdiDiponegoro University1
Martini MartiniDiponegoro University1
Liena SofianaUniversitas Ahmad Dahlan1
Bagoes WidjanarkoDiponegoro University1
M. Zen RahfiludinDiponegoro University1
Novia LuthviatinUniversitas Jember1
Onny SetianiDiponegoro University1
Agus SubagioDiponegoro University1
Suhartono SuhartonoDiponegoro University1
Budiyono BudiyonoDiponegoro University1
Okti Iswari TriswindyaningrumDiponegoro University1
. SuhartonoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Nur Endah WahyuningsihDiponegoro University1
HansenDiponegoro University1
Nikie Astorina Yunita DewantiDiponegoro University1
Retno MurwaniDiponegoro University1
Muhammad Auliya RahmanDiponegoro University1
Andi DaramussengDiponegoro University1
Aldi Prastya KurniawanDiponegoro University1

Afiliasi berasal dari OpenAlex; metadata OAI-PMH jurnal tidak memuatnya. Penulis tanpa ID OpenAlex dicocokkan berdasarkan nama, sehingga dua orang bisa tergabung atau satu orang bisa terpisah.

Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JKL/oai, pertama di-harvest 9 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 9 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Association Between Pesticide Exposure and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Female Farmers: A Cross-Sectional Study</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Masyithah, Wulan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Onny Setiani</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Yusniar Hanani Darundiati</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Mursid Raharjo</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Nurjazuli</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Diabetes Mellitus Type 2</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Female Farmers</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Horticultural Farmers</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Personal Protective Equipment</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Pesticide Exposure</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Introduction: The widespread use of pesticides in agriculture has been linked to an increased risk of diabetes mellitus. Long-term exposure to pesticides can disrupt glucose metabolism, trigger insulin resistance, and raise susceptibility to diabetes mellitus. This study investigates the association between pesticide exposure and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design involved 162 female farmers selected by purposive sampling from a population of 2,187, using the Lemeshow formula. Independent variables included work duration, types and frequency of pesticide use, spraying duration and direction, PPE usage, and cholinesterase levels. The dependent variable was type 2 diabetes mellitus. Data were collected through questionnaires, observation, and clinical tests for blood glucose and cholinesterase levels. Logistic regression was performed at 95% CI and α = 0.05. Result and Discussion: The results showed that 69.1% of female farmers exposed to pesticides had diabetes with lower cholinesterase levels as a significant indicator (p&amp;lt;0.001; OR=3.897; 95% CI=2.087-7.277). Factors such as working duration ≥10 years (p=0.010; OR=3.564; 95% CI=1.359-9.346), number of pesticides types (p=0.023; OR=3.370; 95% CI=1.187-9.570), spraying duration (p=0.020; OR=3.083; 95% CI=1.197-7.940), and PPE usage (p=0.007; OR=3.601; 95% CI=1.416-9.159) were associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Pesticides, particularly organophosphates and carbamates, act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals that impair pancreatic function and increase oxidative stress, contributing to insulin resistance. Female farmers more vulnerable to these effects due to hormonal sensitivity, making gender specific approaches essential. Strict regulations and farmer education are crucial to reduce long-term health risks.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Universitas Airlangga</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-07-28</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>text/xml</dc:format>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JKL/article/view/72866</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.20473/jkl.v17i3.2025.220-229</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN ; Vol. 17 No. 3 (2025): JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN; 220-229</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2540-881X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1829-7285</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JKL/article/view/72866/33710</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JKL/article/view/72866/33458</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>