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Correlation between Physical and Chemical Indoor Air Quality with Respiratory Health

JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN (Journal of Environmental Health) · Vol. 18 No. 2 (2026) · hlm. 171–178

DOI
10.20473/jkl.v18i2.2026.171-178
ISSN
2540-881X, 1829-7285
Terbit
2026-04-20
Penerbit
Universitas Airlangga
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Abstrak

Introduction: Indoor air quality (IAQ) refers to the quality of air within enclosed spaces, which makes up most of the air inhaled daily. Pneumonia is reported to be 17.33 times more common in children living in unhealthy households than those in healthy homes. This study examined the relationship between physical and chemical indoor air quality and children's respiratory health in the working area of the South Krembangan Community Health Center in Krembangan Subdistrict, Surabaya City. Methods: This study employed an analytical observational design utilizing a case-control approach. Samples were selected through purposive sampling. A total of 54 respondents participated in this study, consisting of 27 cases and 27 controls. Results and Discussion: The findings demonstrated a strong correlation between the prevalence of pneumonia in children and air quality parameters including room temperature, humidity, PM2.5 concentration, lighting intensity, and ventilation area. Room temperature (p = 0.029), humidity (p = 0.049), PM2.5 (p = 0.014), lighting intensity (p = 0.006), and ventilation area (p = 0.028) all showed statistically significant correlations. Formaldehyde (HCHO), on the other hand, did not significantly correlate with the incidence of pneumonia (p = 0.569). Additionally, total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) and carbon monoxide (CO) were found to be below the Environmental Health Quality Standards. Conclusion: Although many housing conditions already fulfil established criteria, it is advised that factors potentially affecting indoor air quality be taken into consideration.

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  • Universitas Airlangga
  • Universiti Putra Malaysia
  • Griffith University
  • Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya
  • Afiliasi tidak diketahui
  • Organisasi berbeda
  • Organisasi sama
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Endang DwiyantiUniversitas Airlangga4
Juliana JalaludinUniversiti Putra Malaysia2
Deanida AnkhofiyaUniversitas Airlangga2
Rachman SetiawanUniversitas Airlangga1
Retno AdriyaniUniversitas Airlangga1
Shaharuddin Mohd ShamUniversiti Putra Malaysia1
Zaneta Aaqilah SalsabilaUniversitas Airlangga1
Zafira Nuha NauraUniversitas Airlangga1
Lilis SulistyoriniUniversitas Airlangga1
R AzizahUniversitas Airlangga1
Rahayu Putri UtamiUniversitas Airlangga1
Mifaidah KusumawatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Aprilia Dwi PurwantiUniversitas Airlangga1
Nia Tri WulandariUniversitas Airlangga1
Sovia Rahmania WardaPoliteknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya1
S.KM., M.KKK, Bian Shabri Putri IrwantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
R. AzizahUniversitas Airlangga1
Mohammad Apriyan NugrohoUniversitas Airlangga1
Indriati PaskariniUniversitas Airlangga1
Tri MartianaUniversitas Airlangga1
Muji SulistyowatiUniversitas Airlangga1
Ira NurmalaUniversitas Airlangga1
Afina Puspita ZariUniversitas Airlangga1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JKL/oai, pertama di-harvest 9 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 9 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Correlation between Physical and Chemical Indoor Air Quality with Respiratory Health</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Sudarmaji</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Donny Ardyan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Fitri Anisai Rohmah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Novi Dian Arfiani</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Dayinta Annisa Syaiful</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Chemical Air Quality</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Indoor Air Quality</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Physical Air Quality</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Respiratory Health</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Introduction: Indoor air quality (IAQ) refers to the quality of air within enclosed spaces, which makes up most of the air inhaled daily. Pneumonia is reported to be 17.33 times more common in children living in unhealthy households than those in healthy homes. This study examined the relationship between physical and chemical indoor air quality and children's respiratory health in the working area of the South Krembangan Community Health Center in Krembangan Subdistrict, Surabaya City. Methods: This study employed an analytical observational design utilizing a case-control approach. Samples were selected through purposive sampling. A total of 54 respondents participated in this study, consisting of 27 cases and 27 controls. Results and Discussion: The findings demonstrated a strong correlation between the prevalence of pneumonia in children and air quality parameters including room temperature, humidity, PM2.5 concentration, lighting intensity, and ventilation area. Room temperature (p = 0.029), humidity (p = 0.049), PM2.5 (p = 0.014), lighting intensity (p = 0.006), and ventilation area (p = 0.028) all showed statistically significant correlations. Formaldehyde (HCHO), on the other hand, did not significantly correlate with the incidence of pneumonia (p = 0.569). Additionally, total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) and carbon monoxide (CO) were found to be below the Environmental Health Quality Standards. Conclusion: Although many housing conditions already fulfil established criteria, it is advised that factors potentially affecting indoor air quality be taken into consideration.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Universitas Airlangga</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-04-20</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>text/xml</dc:format>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JKL/article/view/85482</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.20473/jkl.v18i2.2026.171-178</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN ; Vol. 18 No. 2 (2026): JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN; 171-178</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2540-881X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1829-7285</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JKL/article/view/85482/37185</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JKL/article/view/85482/37062</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>