Microplastics in Breast Milk and Feces: Case Study of Stunting Toddlers in Puger District, Jember, Indonesia.

Abstrak

Introduction: Microplastics are found in the oceans and have contaminated fish. Based on these conditions, fish in the sea have experienced a decrease in nutrition, which has the potential to affect human health if consumed; for example, this can lead to stunting in toddlers. The purpose of this study was to identify and examine the presence of microplastics in food and feces of toddlers in the coastal area of Jember Regency. Methods: This observational study used a cross-sectional design and purposively selected 10 toddlers. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data on microplastic contamination. Breast milk and feces samples were collected and tested in the laboratory using density separation, membrane filtration, and microscopic observation methods, which were then analyzed descriptively. Results and Discussion: All samples of breast milk and toddler feces have tested positive for contamination by microplastics, with the majority in the form of fibers (mean value 4,8 particles/5 mL; 19,9 particles/5 g) and filaments (mean value 3,7 particles/5 mL; 6,8 particles/5 g). Several factors allow for the presence of microplastic contaminants in the two specimens, including the low processing of single-use plastic waste, consumption patterns of people to consume processed seafood, hot food in plastic containers, and bottled drinking water. Conclusion: Even though microplastic contaminants have been found in breast milk, not giving breast milk to toddlers is not the right solution. Reduce microplastic contamination in the environment by limiting the use of single-use plastics and sustainably processing plastic waste to prevent microplastic exposure in toddlers.

Kata kunci

• Microplastics in Breast Milk
• Microplastics in Toddlers' Feces
• Microplastics Pollutants
• Stunting Toddlers