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Reassessing Functional Differentiation and Dominus Litis Under Indonesia’s New Criminal Procedure Code

Jambe Law Journal · Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025) · hlm. 475–515

DOI
10.22437/ymmfk139
ISSN
2598-795X, 2598-7925
Terbit
2025-11-29
Penerbit
Faculty of Law, Jambi University
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Abstrak

The enactment of Indonesia’s Criminal Procedure Code 2025 (KUHAP 2025) marks the strengthening of the integrated criminal justice system, positioning the principle of functional differentiation as a primary tenet in the administration of criminal proceedings. Under its provisions, KUHAP 2025 clearly defines the authority of law enforcement institutions, ensuring that their respective functions are not encroached upon. However, the principle of dominus litis still places the prosecutor as the controller of the case, raising questions regarding the boundaries of authority between the fact-finding process conducted by investigators and the assessment of the appropriateness of prosecution. This study focuses on how the limits of investigative and prosecutorial authority within the KUHAP 2025 should be understood proportionally to ensure that the application of dominus litis does not obscure the neutrality of investigations. Clarifying these functional boundaries is essential to prevent the integrated criminal justice system from collapsing into one that conflates authorities, but functions as a cooperative framework that preserves objectivity in uncovering the truth. The study relies on the perspective of the KUHAP 2025, which promotes integration in the criminal justice system by differentiating – not unifying – authorities, allowing functions to complement and supervise one another. By distinguishing investigation as the discovery of factual guilt and prosecution as the evaluation of legal guilt, this research shows that functional differentiation and dominus litis are not opposing principles. Rather, they constitute complementary concepts necessary to avoid overlapping authorities in law enforcement practice.

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  • Muhammadiyah University Purwokerto
  • Jenderal Soedirman University
  • State University of Semarang
  • Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University
  • International University of Batam
  • Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta
  • Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Indriati AmariniMuhammadiyah University Purwokerto4
Rahtami SusantiMuhammadiyah University Purwokerto3
Zeehan Fuad AttamimiMuhammadiyah University Purwokerto2
Astika Nurul HidayahMuhammadiyah University Purwokerto2
Ika Ariani KartiniMuhammadiyah University Purwokerto2
Marsitiningsih MarsitiningsihMuhammadiyah University Purwokerto2
Lutfhi Kalbu AdiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Supanto SupantoSebelas Maret University2
Ghani DarmawanMuhammadiyah University Purwokerto1
Selamat WidodoMuhammadiyah University Purwokerto1
Ahmad SofianBinus University1
Rio HendraUniversitas Pamulang1
Melly SetyawatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Mark P. CapaldiMahidol University1
Mohammad Reevany BustamiUniversiti Sains Malaysia1
Aliyth PrakarsaSultan Ageng Tirtayasa University1
Maulida Ayu FitrianiMuhammadiyah University Purwokerto1
Indriati AmariniMuhammadiyah University Purwokerto1
Rizky Aulia CahyadriAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Hafiz RamadhanState University of Semarang1
Ridwan ArifinState University of Semarang1
Andri Aditya WicaksonoState University of Semarang1
Rico Alfian PangestuState University of Semarang1
Shelvi RusdianaInternational University of Batam1
Ampuan SitumeangInternational University of Batam1
Abdurrakhman AlhakimInternational University of Batam1
Nipon SohhengRamkhamhaeng University1
Nurani Ajeng Tri UtamiJenderal Soedirman University1
Setya WahyudiJenderal Soedirman University1
Agus RaharjoJenderal Soedirman University1
Rahadi Wasi BintoroJenderal Soedirman University1
Kuat Puji PrayitnoJenderal Soedirman University1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://jlj.unja.ac.id/index.php/home/oai, pertama di-harvest 9 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 9 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Reassessing Functional Differentiation and Dominus Litis Under Indonesia’s New Criminal Procedure Code</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Huda, Chairul</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Yulia, Rena</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Romdoni, Muhamad</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Saefudin, Yusuf</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ismail, Noorfajri</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Criminal Procedure Code 2025</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">functional differentiation</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">dominus litis</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">investigation</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">prosecution</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">The enactment of Indonesia’s Criminal Procedure Code 2025 (KUHAP 2025) marks the strengthening of the integrated criminal justice system, positioning the principle of functional differentiation as a primary tenet in the administration of criminal proceedings. Under its provisions, KUHAP 2025 clearly defines the authority of law enforcement institutions, ensuring that their respective functions are not encroached upon. However, the principle of dominus litis still places the prosecutor as the controller of the case, raising questions regarding the boundaries of authority between the fact-finding process conducted by investigators and the assessment of the appropriateness of prosecution. This study focuses on how the limits of investigative and prosecutorial authority within the KUHAP 2025 should be understood proportionally to ensure that the application of dominus litis does not obscure the neutrality of investigations. Clarifying these functional boundaries is essential to prevent the integrated criminal justice system from collapsing into one that conflates authorities, but functions as a cooperative framework that preserves objectivity in uncovering the truth. The study relies on the perspective of the KUHAP 2025, which promotes integration in the criminal justice system by differentiating – not unifying – authorities, allowing functions to complement and supervise one another. By distinguishing investigation as the discovery of factual guilt and prosecution as the evaluation of legal guilt, this research shows that functional differentiation and dominus litis are not opposing principles. Rather, they constitute complementary concepts necessary to avoid overlapping authorities in law enforcement practice.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Faculty of Law, Jambi University</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-11-29</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://jlj.unja.ac.id/index.php/home/article/view/598</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.22437/ymmfk139</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Jambe Law Journal; Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025); 475-515</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2598-795X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2598-7925</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://jlj.unja.ac.id/index.php/home/article/view/598/107</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Jambe Law Journal</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</dc:rights>
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