Decentralized states often apply uniform infrastructure mandates to ecologically diverse territory. Indonesia’s Presidential Regulation No. 109 of 2025 recentralizes waste-to-energy (WtE) investment, yet it still requires regional governments to provide land, guarantee waste supply, and finance waste hauling. Existing scholarship treats the resulting barriers as technical or managerial and has not asked whether ecological conditions should shape the legal design of the mandate itself. This article examines how the regulation operates in the Banjarbakula wetland region of South Kalimantan and how the law should respond. Following a normative-empirical, socio-legal design, the study combines statutory and conceptual analysis, a structured comparison with China, the Philippines, and Malaysia, and process-tracing of nine documentary sources on the Banjarbakula Regional Landfill. Three findings emerge. Voluntary inter-regional cooperation is structurally fragile under wetland logistics. Fiscal risk migrates from processing to hauling and downstream services that regional budgets must fund. High-moisture waste creates a technology-performance risk that should rest with project implementers. The article’s principal contribution is to treat ecoregional constraint as a legal condition rather than as background context and to operationalize that claim through an ecological derogation clause anchored in Indonesia’s constitutional recognition of regional diversity. A three-limbed readiness test, an auditable hauling-cost trail, and a fitness-for-purpose warranty turn the claim into administrable safeguards.
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