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Reconceptualizing ANKUM’s Role in Military Discipline: A Normative and Comparative Reassessment of Command Authority and Justice

Jambura Law Review · Vol. UME No. 1 (2026) · hlm. 125–143

DOI
10.33756/jlr.v1i1.33722
ISSN
2656-0461, 2654-9255
Terbit
2026-01-29
Penerbit
Universitas Negeri Gorontalo
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

The enforcement of military discipline is essential to operational readiness; however, the normative and ethical foundations of disciplinary authority within the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) remain insufficiently examined. Existing scholarship largely treats ANKUM (Superior Officers Authorized to Impose Punishment) as a procedural or administrative mechanism, leaving a significant gap concerning its ethical legitimacy, normative coherence, and institutional accountability as a command-based disciplinary authority. This article addresses that gap by critically reassessing ANKUM’s role beyond its formal legal mandate. By employing a normative juridical method combined with conceptual and comparative approaches, this study examines Indonesian military disciplinary law alongside selected models from the United Kingdom, Australia, and the United States. The analysis demonstrates that the concentration of discretionary power in ANKUM generates normative vulnerabilities, including inconsistent enforcement, limited procedural safeguards, and ethical tension in balancing command loyalty with justice. The article’s original contribution lies in reconceptualizing military discipline not merely as an instrument of hierarchical control, but as an ethical institution inherent in command responsibility, operationalized through three analytical dimensions: ethical proportionality in sanctioning, institutional accountability mechanisms, and the alignment of disciplinary enforcement with unit cohesion and operational readiness. Grounded in comparative military justice and moral philosophy, the article proposes a reform-oriented framework that enhances legal legitimacy and strengthens ethical command within democratic civil–military relations

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  • Padjadjaran University
  • United Arab Emirates University
  • University of Cambridge
  • Nusa Putra University
  • Universitas Prof Dr Moestopo
  • Universitas Persada Indonesia Yayasan Administrasi Indonesia
  • University of Khorfakkan
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Ahmad Novindri Aji SukmaUniversity of Cambridge2
Aristo Evandy A. BarlianPadjadjaran University2
Atip LatipulhayatPadjadjaran University2
CSA Teddy LesmanaNusa Putra University2
Nella Sumika PutriPadjadjaran University2
Efa Laela FakhriahPadjadjaran University2
Laila FebrinaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Yunita SariUniversitas Prof Dr Moestopo1
Essy Malays Sari SaktiUniversitas Persada Indonesia Yayasan Administrasi Indonesia1
Febriansyah RamadhanAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Nada Zuhair AlFilUniversity of Khorfakkan1
Widati WulandariAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Marten BungaUniversitas Gorontalo1
Novendri Mohamad NggiluState University of Gorontalo1
Farol MedelinePadjadjaran University1
Rully Herdita RamadhaniPadjadjaran University1
Deshinta Arrova DewiINTI International University1
August Peter De BatsThe Hague University of Applied Sciences1
Widati WulandariPadjadjaran University1
Ijud TajudinUniversity of Aberdeen1
Christian TobingPadjadjaran University1
Lastuti AbubakarPadjadjaran University1
Anita AfrianaPadjadjaran University1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://ejurnal.ung.ac.id/index.php/jalrev/oai, pertama di-harvest 9 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 9 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Reconceptualizing ANKUM’s Role in Military Discipline: A Normative and Comparative Reassessment of Command Authority and Justice</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Prasetyoandi, Destri</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Sulistiani, Lies</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Rusmiati, Elis</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Aboelazm, Karem Sayed</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Military Discipline Enforcement; Unit Operational Readiness; Military Justice Reform; Ethical Command Responsibility</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">The enforcement of military discipline is essential to operational readiness; however, the normative and ethical foundations of disciplinary authority within the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) remain insufficiently examined. Existing scholarship largely treats ANKUM (Superior Officers Authorized to Impose Punishment) as a procedural or administrative mechanism, leaving a significant gap concerning its ethical legitimacy, normative coherence, and institutional accountability as a command-based disciplinary authority. This article addresses that gap by critically reassessing ANKUM’s role beyond its formal legal mandate. By employing a normative juridical method combined with conceptual and comparative approaches, this study examines Indonesian military disciplinary law alongside selected models from the United Kingdom, Australia, and the United States. The analysis demonstrates that the concentration of discretionary power in ANKUM generates normative vulnerabilities, including inconsistent enforcement, limited procedural safeguards, and ethical tension in balancing command loyalty with justice. The article’s original contribution lies in reconceptualizing military discipline not merely as an instrument of hierarchical control, but as an ethical institution inherent in command responsibility, operationalized through three analytical dimensions: ethical proportionality in sanctioning, institutional accountability mechanisms, and the alignment of disciplinary enforcement with unit cohesion and operational readiness. Grounded in comparative military justice and moral philosophy, the article proposes a reform-oriented framework that enhances legal legitimacy and strengthens ethical command within democratic civil–military relations</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Universitas Negeri Gorontalo</dc:publisher>
	<dc:contributor xml:lang="en-US"></dc:contributor>
	<dc:date>2026-01-29</dc:date>
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	<dc:identifier>https://ejurnal.ung.ac.id/index.php/jalrev/article/view/33722</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.33756/jlr.v1i1.33722</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Jambura Law Review; VOLUME 8 NO. 1 JANUARY 2026; 125-143</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2656-0461</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2654-9255</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.33756/jlr.v1i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://ejurnal.ung.ac.id/index.php/jalrev/article/view/33722/12751</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2026 Destri Prasetyoandi, Lies Sulistiani, Elis Rusmiati, Karem Sayed Aboelazm</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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