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Legal Challenges and Reform Proposals for Algorithmic Contracts under Indonesia’s Information and Electronic Transactions Law

Jambura Law Review · Vol. UME No. 2 (2025) · hlm. 559–582

DOI
10.33756/jlr.v7i2.30617
ISSN
2656-0461, 2654-9255
Terbit
2025-07-30
Penerbit
Universitas Negeri Gorontalo
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

The emergence of algorithmic contracts, made or carried out by independent systems, creates difficult legal problems, especially in Indonesia's regulatory environment. This study examines whether Indonesia’s Information and Electronic Transactions Law is adequate to deal with new problems with algorithmic pricing, EAs, and automated contract creation. The article also examines the different types of algorithmic contracts and how black-box algorithms are used in dynamic pricing in business competition. It shows how unclear the law is about agency, consent, and accountability. Using doctrinal legal research combined with conceptual, comparative, and interdisciplinary approaches, the study finds that Indonesia's Information and Electronic Transactions Law and Competition Law have become inadequate in responding to developments in AI-driven transactions. It suggests a legal framework that does not favour any one technology and recognises algorithms as helpful agents. It also calls for changes to the law to clarify how electronic agents can work together and negotiate. This method ensures that businesses are held accountable and that the law is clear in the age of self-driving digital contracts.

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  • University of Brawijaya
  • Sebelas Maret University
  • Universitas Negeri Surabaya
  • Institut Teknologi Kalimantan
  • State University of Malang
  • Universitas Merdeka Malang
  • Afiliasi tidak diketahui
  • Organisasi berbeda
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Umi Khaerah PatiSebelas Maret University4
Yusuf Priyo AnggodoUniversity of Brawijaya3
Syaiful AnamUniversity of Brawijaya3
Pujiyono PujiyonoSebelas Maret University3
Asyrofa RahmiUniversity of Brawijaya2
Diva KurnianingtyasUniversity of Brawijaya2
Adyan Nur AlfiyatinUniversity of Brawijaya2
Vivi Nur WijayaningrumUniversity of Brawijaya2
Kuncahyo Setyo NugrohoUniversity of Brawijaya2
Pranoto PranotoSebelas Maret University2
Firnanda Al Islama Achyunda PutraUniversity of Brawijaya1
Fitri UtaminingrumUniversity of Brawijaya1
Ida WahyuniUniversity of Brawijaya1
Ervin YohannesUniversitas Negeri Surabaya1
Hilman Nuril HadiUniversity of Brawijaya1
Rizal Setya PerdanaUniversity of Brawijaya1
Ghenniy RachmansyahUniversity of Brawijaya1
Ria FebriyanaUniversity of Brawijaya1
Vitara Nindya Putri HasanUniversity of Brawijaya1
Mohammad Zoqi SarwaniUniversity of Brawijaya1
Luthfi HidayatUniversity of Brawijaya1
Rifki Setya ArmandaUniversity of Brawijaya1
Garsinia Ely RianiUniversity of Brawijaya1
Fita Lathifatul Mu’asyarohAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Agus Wahyu WidodoUniversity of Brawijaya1
Muchammad Chandra Cahyo UtomoInstitut Teknologi Kalimantan1
Candra Fajri AnandaUniversity of Brawijaya1
Farhanna Mar’iUniversity of Brawijaya1
Cleoputri YusainyUniversity of Brawijaya1
Qoirul KotimahUniversity of Brawijaya1
Gayatri Dwi SantikaUniversity of Brawijaya1
Agus NabaUniversity of Brawijaya1
Aji Prasetya WibawaState University of Malang1
Nadia Roosmalita SariUniversity of Brawijaya1
Elta SonalithaUniversitas Merdeka Malang1
Gusti Ahmad Fanshuri AlfarisyUniversity of Brawijaya1
Muhammad Halim NatsirUniversity of Brawijaya1

Afiliasi berasal dari OpenAlex; metadata OAI-PMH jurnal tidak memuatnya. Penulis tanpa ID OpenAlex dicocokkan berdasarkan nama, sehingga dua orang bisa tergabung atau satu orang bisa terpisah.

Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://ejurnal.ung.ac.id/index.php/jalrev/oai, pertama di-harvest 9 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 9 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc)
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Legal Challenges and Reform Proposals for Algorithmic Contracts under Indonesia’s Information and Electronic Transactions Law</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Tejomurti, Kukuh</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Sukarmi, Sukarmi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Mahmudy, Wayan Firdaus</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Algorithmic Contract; Dynamic Pricing;  Information and Electronic Transactions Law.</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">The emergence of algorithmic contracts, made or carried out by independent systems, creates difficult legal problems, especially in Indonesia's regulatory environment. This study examines whether Indonesia’s Information and Electronic Transactions Law is adequate to deal with new problems with algorithmic pricing, EAs, and automated contract creation. The article also examines the different types of algorithmic contracts and how black-box algorithms are used in dynamic pricing in business competition. It shows how unclear the law is about agency, consent, and accountability.  Using doctrinal legal research combined with conceptual, comparative, and interdisciplinary approaches, the study finds that Indonesia's Information and Electronic Transactions Law and Competition Law have become inadequate in responding to developments in AI-driven transactions. It suggests a legal framework that does not favour any one technology and recognises algorithms as helpful agents. It also calls for changes to the law to clarify how electronic agents can work together and negotiate. This method ensures that businesses are held accountable and that the law is clear in the age of self-driving digital contracts.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Universitas Negeri Gorontalo</dc:publisher>
	<dc:contributor xml:lang="en-US"></dc:contributor>
	<dc:date>2025-07-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
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	<dc:identifier>https://ejurnal.ung.ac.id/index.php/jalrev/article/view/30617</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.33756/jlr.v7i2.30617</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Jambura Law Review; VOLUME 7 NO. 2 JULY 2025; 559-582</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2656-0461</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2654-9255</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.33756/jlr.v7i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://ejurnal.ung.ac.id/index.php/jalrev/article/view/30617/11509</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2025 Kukuh Tejomurti, Sukarmi Sukarmi, Wayan Firdaus Mahmudy</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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