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Extraction and characterization of humic acid from low-rank coal mined reserves in South Sumatra and its application on red chili (Capsicum annuum L.) in fertilizer exhausted soil

Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management · Vol. 12 No. 4 (2025) · hlm. 8065–8081

DOI
10.15243/jdmlm.2025.124.8065
ISSN
2502-2458, 2339-076X
Terbit
2025-07-01
Penerbit
Brawijaya University
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

Abstrak

Intensive use of inorganic fertilizers has led to soil degradation, decreased productivity, and increased greenhouse gas emissions. Humic acid (HA) offers a sustainable solution by improving soil health and nutrient uptake while reducing dependence on chemical inputs. However, commercial HA from leonardite is expensive and rarely available in Indonesia. This study aimed to develop a high-quality and cost-effective HA product from low-rank coal (LRC) mined in South Sumatra. Given LRC’s low calorific value and high organic content, it presents an underutilized but promising HA source. A descriptive quantitative approach was used, starting with LRC selection and modified extraction to obtain HA. Laboratory-scale characterization revealed that locally sourced HA shares many functional groups with commercial leonardite-based HA. Hydrofluoric acid pretreatment significantly increased HA yield from 26.3% to 44%. A field trial was conducted on degraded soil overused with inorganic fertilizers, using a completely randomized block design with five treatments and five replications. Red chili (Capsicum annuum L.) was selected because of its high economic value. Data were analyzed using ANOVA at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that the combination of HA derived from LRC with low phosphate fertilizer (150 kg ha-1 SP-36 + 27 kg ha-1 HA) significantly increased plant height, fruit yield, and soil P availability, resulting in a yield of more than 28 t ha-1. These findings demonstrate the potential of LRC as a sustainable HA source to restore degraded soils and increase crop productivity in Indonesia.

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Mieke Rochimi SetiawatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui10
Betty Natalie FitriatinAfiliasi tidak diketahui9
Oviyanti MulyaniAfiliasi tidak diketahui9
Muhamad Rahman DjuansahAfiliasi tidak diketahui8
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Benny JoyAfiliasi tidak diketahui4
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Rhazista NoviardiAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Abraham SuriadikusumahAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Rahmat BudiartoAl Baha University2
Saefur RohmanAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Tarra Martiana DewiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Tualar SimarmataAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Baiq Azizah HaryantiniAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
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Agus SusantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
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Puji LestariJenderal Soedirman University1
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Lestari WibowoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Agus M. HaririAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
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Selvi HelinaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Nur Rakhman Syaiful AkhdarAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://jdmlm.ub.ac.id/index.php/jdmlm/oai, pertama di-harvest 9 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 9 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Extraction and characterization of humic acid from low-rank coal mined reserves in South Sumatra and its application on red chili (Capsicum annuum L.) in fertilizer exhausted soil</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Hermawan, Mega Kartika</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Sofyan, Emma Trinurani</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Sudirja, Rija</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Nurbaity, Anne</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">FTIR analysis</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">HF treatment</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">humic acid extraction</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">low-rank coal </dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Intensive use of inorganic fertilizers has led to soil degradation, decreased productivity, and increased greenhouse gas emissions. Humic acid (HA) offers a sustainable solution by improving soil health and nutrient uptake while reducing dependence on chemical inputs. However, commercial HA from leonardite is expensive and rarely available in Indonesia. This study aimed to develop a high-quality and cost-effective HA product from low-rank coal (LRC) mined in South Sumatra. Given LRC’s low calorific value and high organic content, it presents an underutilized but promising HA source. A descriptive quantitative approach was used, starting with LRC selection and modified extraction to obtain HA. Laboratory-scale characterization revealed that locally sourced HA shares many functional groups with commercial leonardite-based HA. Hydrofluoric acid pretreatment significantly increased HA yield from 26.3% to 44%. A field trial was conducted on degraded soil overused with inorganic fertilizers, using a completely randomized block design with five treatments and five replications. Red chili (Capsicum annuum L.) was selected because of its high economic value. Data were analyzed using ANOVA at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that the combination of HA derived from LRC with low phosphate fertilizer (150 kg ha-1 SP-36 + 27 kg ha-1 HA) significantly increased plant height, fruit yield, and soil P availability, resulting in a yield of more than 28 t ha-1. These findings demonstrate the potential of LRC as a sustainable HA source to restore degraded soils and increase crop productivity in Indonesia.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Brawijaya University</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-07-01</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://jdmlm.ub.ac.id/index.php/jdmlm/article/view/17130</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15243/jdmlm.2025.124.8065</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management; Vol. 12 No. 4 (2025); 8065-8081</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2502-2458</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2339-076X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15243/jdmlm.2025.124</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://jdmlm.ub.ac.id/index.php/jdmlm/article/view/17130/1575</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>