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An Asymmetric Watermarking Method in the DCT Domain Based on RC4-Permutation and Chaotic Map

Journal of ICT Research and Applications (JICTRA) · Vol. 1 No. 2 (2013) · pp. 71–83

DOI
10.5614/itbj.ict.2007.1.2.1
ISSN
2338-5499, 2337-5787
Published
2013-09-13
Publisher
DRI - ITB
Language
eng

Abstract

This paper presents an asymmetric watermarking method in the DCT domain for still images based on permutation and chaos. This method uses secret watermark as private key and public watermark as public key. The public watermark has a normal distribution with mean = 0 and variance = 1. The secret watermark is obtained by permutating the public watermark according to combination of a part of RC4 algorithm and a logistic map. The watermark is embedded into mid-frequency components of the DCT block for better robustness. The detection process is implemented by correlation test between the public watermark and the received image. Experiments show that the watermarking method was proved to be robust againts some typical image processings (cropping, JPEG compression, resizing, rotation, sharpening, and noising).

Collaboration network of the authors

28 authors · 55 co-authorship links · 19 across different organisations

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  • Bandung Institute of Technology
  • Politeknik Negeri Kupang
  • STMIK Bandung
  • Universitas Muhammadiyah Pontianak
  • Universitas Komputer Indonesia
  • Akademi Angkatan Udara
  • Politeknik Negeri Malang
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Arif SasongkoBandung Institute of Technology3
Maman AbdurohmanBandung Institute of Technology2
KuspriyantoBandung Institute of Technology2
Tedjo DarmantoSTMIK Bandung2
Yusuf KurniawanBandung Institute of Technology2
Imam HabibiBandung Institute of Technology1
Iping Supriana SuwardiBandung Institute of Technology1
Yulrio BrianormanUniversitas Muhammadiyah Pontianak1
Nur Ulfa MaulideviBandung Institute of Technology1
Hidayat HidayatUniversitas Komputer Indonesia1
Iping SuprianaBandung Institute of Technology1
Judhi SantosoBandung Institute of Technology1
Widyawardhana AdiprawitaBandung Institute of Technology1
Teguh Budi WicaksonoAffiliation unknown1
Nugraha Priya UtamaBandung Institute of Technology1
Bagus Setyawan WijayaAffiliation unknown1
Bagus Setyawan WijayaAffiliation unknown1
Arwin Datumaya Wahyudi SumariPoliteknik Negeri Malang1
Adang Suwandi AhmadAkademi Angkatan Udara1
Septafiansyah Dwi PutraAffiliation unknown1
Tutun JuhanaBandung Institute of Technology1
Daniel Silli BataonaPoliteknik Negeri Kupang1
Gloria Christiana ManulanggaPoliteknik Negeri Kupang1
Jemsrado SinePoliteknik Negeri Kupang1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journals.itb.ac.id/index.php/jictra/oai, first harvested 26 Okt 2026, last seen 26 Okt 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">An Asymmetric Watermarking Method in the DCT Domain Based on RC4-Permutation and Chaotic Map</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Munir, Rinaldi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Riyanto, Bambang</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Sutikno, Sarwono</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Agung, Wiseto P.</dc:creator>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">This paper presents an asymmetric watermarking method in the DCT domain for still images based on permutation and chaos. This method uses secret watermark as private key and public watermark as public key. The public watermark has a normal distribution with mean = 0 and variance = 1. The secret watermark is obtained by permutating the public watermark according to combination of a part of RC4 algorithm and a logistic map. The watermark is embedded into mid-frequency components of the DCT block for better robustness. The detection process is implemented by correlation test between the public watermark and the received image. Experiments show that the watermarking method was proved to be robust againts some typical image processings (cropping, JPEG compression, resizing, rotation, sharpening, and noising).</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">DRI - ITB</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2013-09-13</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journals.itb.ac.id/index.php/jictra/article/view/168</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.5614/itbj.ict.2007.1.2.1</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Journal of ICT Research and Applications; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2007); 71-83</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2338-5499</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2337-5787</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journals.itb.ac.id/index.php/jictra/article/view/168/162</dc:relation>
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