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Unequal Landscapes of Tourism-Led Development: Lessons from West Manggarai, Indonesia

Journal of Regional and City Planning · Vol. 36 No. 3 (2025) · hlm. 276–294

DOI
10.5614/jpwk.2025.36.3.5
ISSN
2502-6429
Terbit
2025-06-25
Penerbit
The Directorate for Research and Innovation, Institut Teknologi Bandung
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

Abstrak

This study examines whether tourism-led regional transformation in West Manggarai, one of Indonesia’s super-priority tourism destinations, has generated spatially inclusive poverty reduction. Drawing on broader debates about tourism-led development, uneven geographical development, enclave economies, and spatial justice, the study investigates whether tourism-related economic growth has translated into geographically distributed livelihood improvements. Using village-level poverty data from 169 villages for 2022 and 2024, the study applies Global Moran’s I and Anselin’s Local Moran’s I to identify spatial autocorrelation and local poverty cluster dynamics. The findings reveal significant positive spatial autocorrelation of poverty in both years, confirming the persistence of High-High and Low-Low clusters. However, changes in poverty between 2022 and 2024 were not spatially significant, indicating that poverty reduction processes remained fragmented rather than spreading systematically across neighboring villages. These results demonstrate that tourism-led growth does not automatically generate inclusive welfare outcomes; instead, development benefits remain territorially selective and are shaped by unequal access to human, physical, financial, social, and natural capital. By integrating spatial statistics with the Sustainable Rural Livelihood Approach (SRLA), this study contributes to global discussions on tourism and poverty by showing how internationally promoted destinations can simultaneously experience economic growth and persistent localized poverty. The findings highlight the importance of place-based poverty reduction strategies, stronger rural–tourism linkages, targeted interventions in persistent High-High clusters, and continuous spatial monitoring to achieve more equitable regional transformation.

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  • IPB University
  • Lampung University
  • Institut Teknologi Nasional Malang
  • Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta
  • Universitas Sahid Jakarta
  • Kyoto University
  • Sunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Bandung
  • Afiliasi tidak diketahui
  • Organisasi berbeda
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Andrea Emma PravitasariIPB University4
Suria Darma TariganIPB University3
Bambang JuandaIPB University3
Hariadi KartodihardjoIPB University2
Untung SudadiIPB University2
Andria Harfani QalbiIPB University2
Dessy RachmawatieMuhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta2
Bustanul ArifinLampung University2
Tiara Aprilia Putri HernandaIPB University2
Asti IstiqomahIPB University1
Sri MulatsihIPB University1
Nuva NuvaIPB University1
Pini WijayantiIPB University1
Dodik Ridho NurrochmatIPB University1
‪Handian PurwawangsaIPB University1
Reni HendrianyAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Okta WulandonoIPB University1
Muhammad Irfan ArdiansyahIPB University1
Dedi Budiman HakimIPB University1
Dedy YuliawanLampung University1
Tri Ratna SaridewiIPB University1
Setia HadiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
I Wayan RusastraAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Nafiah AriyaniUniversitas Sahid Jakarta1
Dwi Putro Tejo BaskoroIPB University1
Diyah Novita KurniantiIPB University1
Widiatmaka WidiatmakaIPB University1
Rista Ardy PriatamaIPB University1
Khursatul MunibahIPB University1
Alfin MurtadhoIPB University1
Izuru SaizenKyoto University1
Hermanto SiregarIPB University1
Sri WahyuniIPB University1
Reni Kusumo TejoIPB University1
Yuri Ardhya StannyIPB University1
Wahyu HidayatSunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Bandung1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://journals.itb.ac.id/index.php/jpwk/oai, pertama di-harvest 9 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 9 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Unequal Landscapes of Tourism-Led Development: Lessons from West Manggarai, Indonesia </dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Gai, Ardiyanto Maksimilianus</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Rustiadi , Ernan </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Fauzi, Akhmad</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Barus, Baba</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Anselin Local Moran’s I</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Moran’s I</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Poverty</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Spatial Autocorrelation</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Spatial Statistics</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">This study examines whether tourism-led regional transformation in West Manggarai, one of Indonesia’s super-priority tourism destinations, has generated spatially inclusive poverty reduction. Drawing on broader debates about tourism-led development, uneven geographical development, enclave economies, and spatial justice, the study investigates whether tourism-related economic growth has translated into geographically distributed livelihood improvements. Using village-level poverty data from 169 villages for 2022 and 2024, the study applies Global Moran’s I and Anselin’s Local Moran’s I to identify spatial autocorrelation and local poverty cluster dynamics. The findings reveal significant positive spatial autocorrelation of poverty in both years, confirming the persistence of High-High and Low-Low clusters. However, changes in poverty between 2022 and 2024 were not spatially significant, indicating that poverty reduction processes remained fragmented rather than spreading systematically across neighboring villages. These results demonstrate that tourism-led growth does not automatically generate inclusive welfare outcomes; instead, development benefits remain territorially selective and are shaped by unequal access to human, physical, financial, social, and natural capital. By integrating spatial statistics with the Sustainable Rural Livelihood Approach (SRLA), this study contributes to global discussions on tourism and poverty by showing how internationally promoted destinations can simultaneously experience economic growth and persistent localized poverty. The findings highlight the importance of place-based poverty reduction strategies, stronger rural–tourism linkages, targeted interventions in persistent High-High clusters, and continuous spatial monitoring to achieve more equitable regional transformation.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">The Directorate for Research and Innovation, Institut Teknologi Bandung</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-06-25</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US">Research Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journals.itb.ac.id/index.php/jpwk/article/view/27621</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.5614/jpwk.2025.36.3.5</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Journal of Regional and City Planning; Vol. 36 No. 3 (2025); 276-294</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2502-6429</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journals.itb.ac.id/index.php/jpwk/article/view/27621/7483</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Regional and City Planning</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>