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Types, Mechanisms, and Efficiency Rate of Galvanized Steel as Corrosion Protection in Atmospheric Corrosion: A Systematic Review

Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum · Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026) · hlm. 203–218

DOI
10.22146/jcef.22512
ISSN
2549-5925, 2581-1037
Terbit
2026-03-18
Penerbit
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Bahasa
eng

Abstrak

Corrosion represents a major concern in numerous industrial sectors, primarily due to the inherent vulnerability of metallic structures to degradation. Therefore, implementing effective corrosion protection measures is essential. Naturally occurring organic chemical compounds and important molecules have demonstrated strong potential for corrosion protection. Some studies indicate that those containing oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen in the atmosphere exhibit the highest protection performance. Organic and naturally derived protection generally functions by forming protective films on metal surfaces, thereby mitigating the corrosion rate. This review emphasizes the role of galvanized coatings as effective corrosion protection with the cathodic protection method and anode sacrificial on the steel surfaces. It also includes an analysis of steel surface morphology using SEM-EDS micrographs. The review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, with literature sources covering publications. A total of selected studies were critically analyzed to examine corrosion types, protection mechanisms, efficiency performance, and surface characterization of galvanized coatings. Both Hot-Dip Galvanizing (HDG) and Cold Galvanizing Coatings (CGC) were systematically compared in terms of corrosion rate, protective efficiency, coating thickness, and environmental aggressiveness. The paper systematically covers different types of corrosion, available protection control methods, and corrosion mitigation techniques. It further explores protective mechanisms, evaluates efficiency, and identifies the most effective control strategies. Additionally, the review discusses theoretical approaches, activation parameters, adsorption studies, and surface morphology. This review highlights key factors influencing galvanized steel performance, including coating composition, environmental parameters, and exposure duration, while also identifying current research gaps. The findings provide valuable insights for optimizing corrosion protection strategies and improving the service life of steel structures in atmospheric environments.

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  • Universitas Gadjah Mada
  • Indonesian Institute of Sciences
  • Universiti Teknologi MARA
  • Port and Airport Research Institute
  • Bandung Institute of Technology
  • University of Technology Malaysia
  • Universitas Cokroaminoto Yogyakarta
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Iman SatyarnoUniversitas Gadjah Mada3
Noorsuhada Md NorUniversiti Teknologi MARA3
Ali AwaludinUniversitas Gadjah Mada2
Yusuf HarokiPort and Airport Research Institute2
Muhamad Fauzi DarmawanUniversitas Gadjah Mada2
Muhammad Akhsin MuflikhunUniversitas Gadjah Mada2
Oktalia Wuranti PutriUniversitas Gadjah Mada2
MuslikhUniversitas Cokroaminoto Yogyakarta2
S. SundjonoIndonesian Institute of Sciences1
Lutviasari NurainiIndonesian Institute of Sciences1
Siska PrifiharniBandung Institute of Technology1
Shuanglan WuPort and Airport Research Institute1
Bambang SuhendroUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Anno MahfudaUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Ananda Elnish FiqhunissaUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Mariyana Aida Ab KadirUniversity of Technology Malaysia1
Sidiq PurnomoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ignatius Harry SumartonoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/v3/jcef/oai, pertama di-harvest 9 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 9 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Types, Mechanisms, and Efficiency Rate of Galvanized Steel as Corrosion Protection in Atmospheric Corrosion: A Systematic Review</dc:title>
	<dc:creator> Silaban, Trihol Oky Jones</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Setiawan, Angga Fajar </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Siswosukarto, Suprapto </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator> Wiranata, Ardi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Putra, Ryan Anugrah </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Priyotomo, Gadang </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Kudus, Sakhiah Abdul </dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">corrosion protection</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">galvanized protection</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">SEM-EDS micrographs</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Infrastructure</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Metal</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Corrossion</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Corrosion represents a major concern in numerous industrial sectors, primarily due to the inherent vulnerability of metallic structures to degradation. Therefore, implementing effective corrosion protection measures is essential. Naturally occurring organic chemical compounds and important molecules have demonstrated strong potential for corrosion protection. Some studies indicate that those containing oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen in the atmosphere exhibit the highest protection performance. Organic and naturally derived protection generally functions by forming protective films on metal surfaces, thereby mitigating the corrosion rate. This review emphasizes the role of galvanized coatings as effective corrosion protection with the cathodic protection method and anode sacrificial on the steel surfaces. It also includes an analysis of steel surface morphology using SEM-EDS micrographs. The review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, with literature sources covering publications. A total of selected studies were critically analyzed to examine corrosion types, protection mechanisms, efficiency performance, and surface characterization of galvanized coatings. Both Hot-Dip Galvanizing (HDG) and Cold Galvanizing Coatings (CGC) were systematically compared in terms of corrosion rate, protective efficiency, coating thickness, and environmental aggressiveness. The paper systematically covers different types of corrosion, available protection control methods, and corrosion mitigation techniques. It further explores protective mechanisms, evaluates efficiency, and identifies the most effective control strategies. Additionally, the review discusses theoretical approaches, activation parameters, adsorption studies, and surface morphology. This review highlights key factors influencing galvanized steel performance, including coating composition, environmental parameters, and exposure duration, while also identifying current research gaps. The findings provide valuable insights for optimizing corrosion protection strategies and improving the service life of steel structures in atmospheric environments.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-03-18</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US">Review</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/v3/JCEF/article/view/22512</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.22146/jcef.22512</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum; Vol. 12 No. 2 (May 2026); 203-218</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2549-5925</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2581-1037</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/v3/JCEF/article/view/22512/6900</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2026 The Author(s)</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>