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ANALYSIS OF THE MARKET STRUCTURE OF HOSPITAL INDUSTRY IN INDONESIA

Jurnal Administrasi Kesehatan Indonesia · Vol. 12 No. 1 (2024) · hlm. 37–48

DOI
10.20473/jaki.v12i1.2024.37-48
ISSN
2540-9301, 2303-3592
Terbit
2024-06-14
Penerbit
Universitas Airlangga
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

Background: Over the past decade, private investments in health care including hospital have grown significantly, more than doubling. As the number of hospitals in Indonesia increases, a competitive business environment develops. Identifying hospital market structure can help various stakeholders to optimize the hospital's performance. Aims: This study analyzed the market structure and concentration of the hospital industry in Indonesia. Methods: This study used hospital characteristics data from Ministry of Health of Indonesia that retrieved in October 2020. Market concentration is determined by the number of industry players operating in a market, the distribution of services, and the types of services offered. The hospital market concentration was identified by measuring the Concentration Ratio (CR) and the Herfindahl–Hirschman index (HHI). Results: The results showed that the market share of hospitals in Indonesia was still dominated by government hospitals, which represent 51.4% of the market share. The concentration ratio of four companies (CR4) remains <40, indicating that competition remains relatively open among private hospitals at the national level. Conclusion: Several cities have established hospital markets that are characterized by robust competition, whereas in other cities, the hospital industry remains oligopolistic or monopolistic. It is important to note, however, that this does not imply that the market structure is ineffective on account of competition; rather, it is the result of a scarcity of hospitals in a number of Indonesian cities. Keywords: Concentration ratio, Economic competition, Herfindahl–Hirschman Index, Hospital market

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  • Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof Dr Hamka
  • Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta
  • Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University
  • SEAMEO Regional Center for Food and Nutrition
  • Universitas Negeri Padang
  • Andalas University
  • Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Narila Mutia NasirSyarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta3
Izza SurayaUniversitas Muhammadiyah Prof Dr Hamka3
Ronny Yudhi Septa PrianaSultan Ageng Tirtayasa University2
Yustiyani YustiyaniSyarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta2
Miftahul JannahUniversitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry2
Iram Barida MaisyaKementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia2
Ail MuldiSultan Ageng Tirtayasa University1
Naniek Afrilla FramaniSultan Ageng Tirtayasa University1
Yayan SaryaniSultan Ageng Tirtayasa University1
Dewi NursyamsiahUniversitas Muhammadiyah Prof Dr Hamka1
Uliviana RestuSultan Ageng Tirtayasa University1
Bayu Teja KususmaSultan Ageng Tirtayasa University1
Hesti LestariUniversitas Muhammadiyah Prof Dr Hamka1
Helda KhusunSEAMEO Regional Center for Food and Nutrition1
Hurip NuryanaUniversitas Muhammadiyah Prof Dr Hamka1
Devi Annisa MulyawatiUniversitas Muhammadiyah Prof Dr Hamka1
Ahmad Arif HidayatAndalas University1
Hidayati HidayatiUniversitas Negeri Padang1
Nia MusniatiUniversitas Muhammadiyah Prof Dr Hamka1
Baequni BaequniSyarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta1
Anna FitrianiDeakin University1
Ofa Suzanti BethaSyarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta1
Suci Ahda NovitriSyarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta1
Annisa Triana YusmanSyarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta1
Estu Mahanani DhilasariSyarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta1
Rurynta Ferly ShaviraSyarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JAKI/oai, pertama di-harvest 9 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 9 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">ANALYSIS OF THE MARKET STRUCTURE OF HOSPITAL INDUSTRY IN INDONESIA</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Rachmawati, Emma</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Umniyatun, Yuyun</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Kurniawan, Deni Wahyudi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Nurmansyah, Mochamad Iqbal</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Pakkanna, Mukhaer</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Nurjuman, Husnan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Budiarto, Slamet</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Gohardi, Virgo Sulianto</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Concentration ratio</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">economic competition</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Herfindahl-hirschman index</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">hospital market</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">market structure</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Concentration ratio</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">economic competition</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Herfindahl-hirschman index</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">hospital market</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Background: Over the past decade, private investments in health care including hospital have grown significantly, more than doubling. As the number of hospitals in Indonesia increases, a competitive business environment develops. Identifying hospital market structure can help various stakeholders to optimize the hospital's performance.
Aims: This study analyzed the market structure and concentration of the hospital industry in Indonesia.
Methods: This study used hospital characteristics data from Ministry of Health of Indonesia that retrieved in October 2020. Market concentration is determined by the number of industry players operating in a market, the distribution of services, and the types of services offered. The hospital market concentration was identified by measuring the Concentration Ratio (CR) and the Herfindahl–Hirschman index (HHI).
Results: The results showed that the market share of hospitals in Indonesia was still dominated by government hospitals, which represent 51.4% of the market share. The concentration ratio of four companies (CR4) remains &amp;lt;40, indicating that competition remains relatively open among private hospitals at the national level.
Conclusion: Several cities have established hospital markets that are characterized by robust competition, whereas in other cities, the hospital industry remains oligopolistic or monopolistic. It is important to note, however, that this does not imply that the market structure is ineffective on account of competition; rather, it is the result of a scarcity of hospitals in a number of Indonesian cities.
Keywords: Concentration ratio, Economic competition, Herfindahl–Hirschman Index, Hospital market</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Universitas Airlangga</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2024-06-14</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US">Peer-Reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>text/xml</dc:format>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JAKI/article/view/44049</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.20473/jaki.v12i1.2024.37-48</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Indonesian Journal of Health Administration (Jurnal Administrasi Kesehatan Indonesia); Vol. 12 No. 1 (2024): June; 37-48</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2540-9301</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2303-3592</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JAKI/article/view/44049/31116</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JAKI/article/view/44049/28901</dc:relation>
	<dc:coverage xml:lang="en-US">Indonesia</dc:coverage>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2024 Yuyun Umniyatun, Emma Rachmawati, Deni Wahyudi Kurniawan, Mochamad Iqbal Nurmansyah, Mukhaer Pakkanna, Husnan Nurjuman, Slamet Budiarto, Virgo Sulianto Gohardi</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>