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THE HIDDEN ECONOMIC BURDEN OF LEPTOSPIROSIS: HEALTHCARE COSTS AND PATIENT IMPACT

Jurnal Administrasi Kesehatan Indonesia · Vol. 13 No. 1 (2025) · hlm. 98–109

DOI
10.20473/jaki.v13i1.2025.98-109
ISSN
2540-9301, 2303-3592
Terbit
2025-07-15
Penerbit
Universitas Airlangga
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

Background: Leptospirosis is a public health issue caused by the Leptospira bacterium, leading to significant economic impacts. The cost of illness due to Leptospirosis encompasses hidden costs that significantly affect individuals and society Aims: This study aimed to assess the hidden economic burden (direct and indirect costs) experienced by patients and their families due to healthcare treatment of leptospirosis. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Banyumas Regency from February to June 2024. Data were collected from patients who completed leptospirosis treatment in 2023. The variables of cost were categorized into direct treatment cost, treatment cost, and indirect cost, which were analyzed descriptively. Results: Most leptospirosis patients were male, aged 26 – 45 years old, and the majority worked as farmers. Our study reveals that uninsured patients incurred higher out-of-pocket expenses during leptospirosis’ treatment. The productivity loss was estimated at USD 44.75, with significant hidden costs being transportation (USD 31.90), caregiver support (USD 86.38), and hospital treatment (USD 231.40). Conclusion: The significant burden of Leptospirosis in Indonesia highlights the economic impact on individuals and the challenges within the healthcare system. This study calls for enhanced public health strategies focused on prevention, early diagnosis, and improved healthcare access to address the leptospirosis burden effectively. Keywords: Cost of illness, economic burden, financial impact, leptospirosis, productivity loss

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  • National Research and Innovation Agency
  • Universitas Airlangga
  • Paris School of Economics
  • Lambung Mangkurat University
  • Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia
  • Universitas Sari Mulia
  • Poltekkes Kemenkes Banjarmasin
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Aan KurniawanNational Research and Innovation Agency3
Sri HandayaniNational Research and Innovation Agency3
Yuni PurwatiningsihNational Research and Innovation Agency3
Debri Riski FaisalAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Adistha Eka NoveyaniUniversitas Jember2
Wahyu Gito PutroUniversitas Muhammadiyah Semarang2
Muhammad Agus MikrajabNational Research and Innovation Agency2
Isnawati -Poltekkes Kemenkes Banjarmasin1
Nurul HidayahUniversitas Sari Mulia1
Triwibowo Ambar GarjitoNational Research and Innovation Agency1
Muhammad Rasyid RidhaLambung Mangkurat University1
Ririh YudhastutiUniversitas Airlangga1
Liestiana IndriyatiKementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia1
Babucarr JasseyMinistry of Health and Social Welfare1
JuhairiyahNational Research and Innovation Agency1
Muhammad Choirul HidajatNational Research and Innovation Agency1
Stefanus SupriyantoUniversitas Airlangga1
Dewi Retno SuminarUniversitas Airlangga1
Thinni Nurul RochmahUniversitas Airlangga1
Ulfia Hazna SafiraUniversitas Airlangga1
Risky Kusuma HartonoUniversitas Indonesia Maju1
Asri Hikmatuz ZahrohAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Debri Rizki FaisalNational Research and Innovation Agency1
Ratna Dwi WulandariUniversitas Airlangga1
Agung Dwi LaksonoNational Research and Innovation Agency1
Taufiq HidayatNational Research and Innovation Agency1
Diyan Ermawan EffendiNational Research and Innovation Agency1
Leny LatifahNational Research and Innovation Agency1
Diah YunitawatiNational Research and Innovation Agency1
Dennis B. BatanganAteneo de Manila University1
Yunita FiitriantiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Rozana Ika AgustiyaNational Research and Innovation Agency1
Jane Kartika PropianaNational Research and Innovation Agency1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JAKI/oai, pertama di-harvest 9 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 9 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">THE HIDDEN ECONOMIC BURDEN OF LEPTOSPIROSIS: HEALTHCARE COSTS AND PATIENT IMPACT</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Nugraheni, Wahyu Pudji</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Lestyoningrum, Sinta Dewi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Pawitaningtyas, Indah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Nuraini, Syarifah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Putri, Linta Meyla</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Ristiyanto</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Milcent, Carine</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Cost of Illness</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Economic Burden</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US"> Financial Impact</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Leptospirosis</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Productivity Loss</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">economic evaluation</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Cost of Illness</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Economic Burden</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Financial impact</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Leptospirosis</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">productivity loss</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Background: Leptospirosis is a public health issue caused by the Leptospira bacterium, leading to significant economic impacts. The cost of illness due to Leptospirosis encompasses hidden costs that significantly affect individuals and society
Aims: This study aimed to assess the hidden economic burden (direct and indirect costs) experienced by patients and their families due to healthcare treatment of leptospirosis.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Banyumas Regency from February to June 2024. Data were collected from patients who completed leptospirosis treatment in 2023. The variables of cost were categorized into direct treatment cost, treatment cost, and indirect cost, which were analyzed descriptively.  
Results: Most leptospirosis patients were male, aged 26 – 45 years old, and the majority worked as farmers. Our study reveals that uninsured patients incurred higher out-of-pocket expenses during leptospirosis’ treatment. The productivity loss was estimated at USD 44.75, with significant hidden costs being transportation (USD 31.90), caregiver support (USD 86.38), and hospital treatment (USD 231.40).
Conclusion: The significant burden of Leptospirosis in Indonesia highlights the economic impact on individuals and the challenges within the healthcare system. This study calls for enhanced public health strategies focused on prevention, early diagnosis, and improved healthcare access to address the leptospirosis burden effectively.
Keywords: Cost of illness, economic burden, financial impact, leptospirosis, productivity loss</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Universitas Airlangga</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-07-15</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US">Peer-Reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:format>text/xml</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JAKI/article/view/71194</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.20473/jaki.v13i1.2025.98-109</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Indonesian Journal of Health Administration (Jurnal Administrasi Kesehatan Indonesia); Vol. 13 No. 1 (2025): June; 98-109</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2540-9301</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2303-3592</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JAKI/article/view/71194/33429</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JAKI/article/view/71194/35515</dc:relation>
	<dc:coverage xml:lang="en-US">Banyumas Regency</dc:coverage>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2025 Wahyu Pudji Nugraheni, Sinta Dewi Lestyoningrum, Indah Pawitaningtyas, Syarifah Nuraini, Linta Meyla Putri, Ristiyanto, Carine Milcent</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>