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MAPPING REGIONAL VULNERABILITY TO LEPTOSPIROSIS IN BONDOWOSO REGENCY USING K-MEANS CLUSTER ANALYSIS

Jurnal Biometrika dan Kependudukan · Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026) · hlm. 1–10

DOI
10.20473/jbk.v15i1.2026.1-10
ISSN
2540-8828, 2302-707X
Terbit
2026-07-06
Penerbit
Universitas Airlangga
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Abstrak

Leptospirosis cases increased in Bondowoso Regency from 2022 to 2024. However, health interventions for leptospirosis in Bondowoso have not adopted a specific approach based on regional vulnerability levels. Clustering leptospirosis cases is crucial for focusing prevention and control programs. This study aims to analyze the clustering of areas vulnerable to leptospirosis based on risk factors in Bondowoso Regency. This study employed a quantitative design using the K-Means method for clustering. The research variables included the number of disasters, the proportion of male residents, the proportion of farmers, elevation, the number of markets, the number of temporary waste disposal sites (TPS), and the proportion of vegetated land. Cluster analysis was conducted using SPSS. The results revealed three vulnerability clusters: high risk (3 districts), moderate risk (17 districts), and low risk (3 districts). The variables that distinguished the clusters were the number of TPS (F=22.266, p=0.000), the number of disasters (F=6.047, p=0.009), the number of markets (F=5.367, p=0.014), elevation (F=5.388, p=0.013), the proportion of farmers (F=5.007, p=0.017), the proportion of male residents (F=.318, p=0.028), and the proportion of vegetated land (F=3.900, p = 0.037). In conclusion, vulnerability to leptospirosis in Bondowoso is influenced by a combination of environmental, infrastructural, and demographic factors, with sanitation being the most dominant. Centralized waste management, disaster mitigation, and strengthened area-based surveillance are necessary to achieve more effective prevention and control of leptospirosis.

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  • Universitas Airlangga
  • Bandung Institute of Technology
  • Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia
  • IPB University
  • Universitas Gadjah Mada
  • Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research
  • Universitat Pompeu Fabra
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Arief HargonoUniversitas Airlangga2
Erni AstutikUniversitas Airlangga2
Devit Dewi AnggrainiUniversitas Airlangga1
Diah RatnadewiIPB University1
Hari Basuki NotobrotoUniversitas Airlangga1
Ika Dewi AnaUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Christofora Hanny WidjajaIPB University1
Anggraini BarlianBandung Institute of Technology1
Rizka Musdalifah AmsarBandung Institute of Technology1
Triati Dewi Kencana WunguBandung Institute of Technology1
Santi MartiniUniversitas Airlangga1
Kurnia Dwi ArtantiUniversitas Airlangga1
Asik SuryaKementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia1
Zida HusninaUniversitas Airlangga1
Siti Shofiya Novita SariUniversitas Airlangga1
R. Vensya SitohangKementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia1
Ratna Budi HapsariKementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia1
Marta FelettoAlliance for Health Policy and Systems Research1
Vidya Tri HuttamiUniversitas Airlangga1
Yunita FitriantiUniversitat Pompeu Fabra1
Laras Arsyi InsaniUniversitas Airlangga1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JBK/oai, pertama di-harvest 9 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 9 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">MAPPING REGIONAL VULNERABILITY TO LEPTOSPIROSIS IN BONDOWOSO REGENCY USING K-MEANS CLUSTER ANALYSIS</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Agustina, Zulfa Auliyati</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Hidajah, Atik Choirul</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Mas'ud, Nur Ali</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">K-Means</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Cluster Analysis</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Neglected Tropical Disease</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Leptospirosis</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Risk Factors</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Leptospirosis cases increased in Bondowoso Regency from 2022 to 2024. However, health interventions for leptospirosis in Bondowoso have not adopted a specific approach based on regional vulnerability levels. Clustering leptospirosis cases is crucial for focusing prevention and control programs. This study aims to analyze the clustering of areas vulnerable to leptospirosis based on risk factors in Bondowoso Regency. This study employed a quantitative design using the K-Means method for clustering. The research variables included the number of disasters, the proportion of male residents, the proportion of farmers, elevation, the number of markets, the number of temporary waste disposal sites (TPS), and the proportion of vegetated land. Cluster analysis was conducted using SPSS. The results revealed three vulnerability clusters: high risk (3 districts), moderate risk (17 districts), and low risk (3 districts). The variables that distinguished the clusters were the number of TPS (F=22.266, p=0.000), the number of disasters (F=6.047, p=0.009), the number of markets (F=5.367, p=0.014), elevation (F=5.388, p=0.013), the proportion of farmers (F=5.007, p=0.017), the proportion of male residents (F=.318, p=0.028), and the proportion of vegetated land (F=3.900, p = 0.037). In conclusion, vulnerability to leptospirosis in Bondowoso is influenced by a combination of environmental, infrastructural, and demographic factors, with sanitation being the most dominant. Centralized waste management, disaster mitigation, and strengthened area-based surveillance are necessary to achieve more effective prevention and control of leptospirosis.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Universitas Airlangga</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-07-06</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:format>text/xml</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JBK/article/view/80243</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.20473/jbk.v15i1.2026.1-10</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Jurnal Biometrika dan Kependudukan; Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): JURNAL BIOMETRIKA DAN KEPENDUDUKAN; 1-10</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2540-8828</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2302-707X</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JBK/article/view/80243/39003</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JBK/article/view/80243/39008</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Biometrika dan Kependudukan</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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