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Legal and Constitutional Gaps in Strategic Environmental Assessment: Between Formality and Substantive Environmental Protection in Indonesia

Jurnal IUS (Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan) · Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025) · hlm. 346–363

DOI
10.29303/ius.v13i2.1698
ISSN
2477-815X, 2303-3827
Terbit
2025-08-06
Penerbit
Magister of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Mataram
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

The Indonesian Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is governed by Law No. 32 of 2009 on Protection and Management of the Environment. However, the implementation of Strategic Environmental Assessment still faces significant challenges, especially in fulfilling the constitutional rights of citizens to a healthy and sustainable environment. The misalignment between Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) practices and constitutional principles, particularly regarding transparency, public participation, and environmental justice, has contributed to violations of environmental rights and the perpetuation of social injustice in the development processes. This study aims to analyze the constitutionality of SEA’s application in the context of sustainable development in Indonesia. This study uses a normative legal method with legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The research results indicate that the implementation of SEA is still inconsistent with the Constitution, particularly in protecting environmental rights. Weakness of oversight and the lack of sanctions for violations of the Environmental Impact Assessment are the main obstacles to its implementation. This study has implications for the need for reforms in law enforcement, strengthening of oversight, and increasing community participation in the SEA process to ensure environmental protection and citizens’ constitutional rights.

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  • State University of Semarang
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Cece SuryanaAfiliasi tidak diketahui11
Robi Assadul BahriAfiliasi tidak diketahui7
Bunyamin BunyaminState University of Semarang5
Fikri Chandra PermanaAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Robi Asadul BahriAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Taty SugiartiAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Zico Junius FernandoAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Mohd Zakhiri Md NorAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Mukhlis MukhlisAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Mohammad Alvi PratamaAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Mohd Kamarulnizam AbdullahAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Finna Maessy PangestikaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ade AdhariAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ricci RicciAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Iskandar ISKANDARAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Lestari SinagaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Nurhayati MardinAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Amad SudiroAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Anthon Freddy SusantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
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Erwan Adi PriyonoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Syamsir SyamsirHasanuddin University1
Eko NuriyatmanAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Sitta SarayaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Enas QutieshatAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Subelo WiyonoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Rosa TedjabuwanaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Mohd. Kamarulnizam Bin AbdullahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Faris Fachrizal JodiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Rd. Dewi Asri YustiaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://jurnalius.ac.id/ojs/index.php/jurnalIUS/oai, pertama di-harvest 9 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 9 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Legal and Constitutional Gaps in Strategic Environmental Assessment: Between Formality and Substantive Environmental Protection in Indonesia</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Arifin, Firdaus</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Rahayu, Mella Ismelina Farma</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Maarif, Ihsanul</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Susanto, Anthon F</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Murbani, Anastasia Wahyu</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Strategic Environmental Assessment</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Precautionary Principle</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Right to a Healthy Environment</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Environmental Law Enforcement</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Sustainable Development</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">The Indonesian Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is governed by Law No. 32 of 2009 on Protection and Management of the Environment. However, the implementation of Strategic Environmental Assessment still faces significant challenges, especially in fulfilling the constitutional rights of citizens to a healthy and sustainable environment. The misalignment between Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) practices and constitutional principles, particularly regarding transparency, public participation, and environmental justice, has contributed to violations of environmental rights and the perpetuation of social injustice in the development processes. This study aims to analyze the constitutionality of SEA’s application in the context of sustainable development in Indonesia. This study uses a normative legal method with legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The research results indicate that the implementation of SEA is still inconsistent with the Constitution, particularly in protecting environmental rights. Weakness of oversight and the lack of sanctions for violations of the Environmental Impact Assessment are the main obstacles to its implementation. This study has implications for the need for reforms in law enforcement, strengthening of oversight, and increasing community participation in the SEA process to ensure environmental protection and citizens’ constitutional rights.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Magister of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Mataram</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-08-06</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US">Peer-Reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://jurnalius.ac.id/ojs/index.php/jurnalIUS/article/view/1698</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.29303/ius.v13i2.1698</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan; Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan; 346-363</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2477-815X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2303-3827</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.29303/ius.v13i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://jurnalius.ac.id/ojs/index.php/jurnalIUS/article/view/1698/676</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2025 Firdaus Arifin, Mella Ismelina Farma Rahayu, Ihsanul Maarif, Anthon F Susanto, Anastasia Wahyu Murbani</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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