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Criminal Liability and the Non Punishment Principle for Trafficking Victims in Indonesia

Jurnal IUS (Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan) · Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026) · hlm. 107–121

DOI
10.29303/ius.v14i1.1820
ISSN
2477-815X, 2303-3827
Terbit
2026-04-27
Penerbit
Magister of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Mataram
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

The non-punishment principle for trafficking victims is recognized in Article 18 of Law Number 21 of 2007 on the Eradication of the Crime of Trafficking in Persons, which stipulates that victims who commit criminal acts as a result of coercion by traffickers shall not be subject to punishment. However, this provision does not clearly define the doctrinal parameters of coercion, nor does it explain how criminal liability should be assessed when an unlawful act is committed within conditions of exploitation, dependence, intimidation, or constrained autonomy. This article examines the relationship between criminal liability and the non-punishment principle for trafficking victims in Indonesia. It employs normative legal research by analyzing statutory regulations, criminal law doctrine, international instruments, and relevant scholarly literature. The study finds that the non-punishment principle should not be understood merely as a procedural exemption from punishment, but rather as a doctrinal mechanism for excluding culpability where the victim’s conduct is directly connected to trafficking-related coercion. It further argues that Indonesian law requires a more clearly articulated framework for assessing coercion, including the causal relationship between trafficking and the offense, the degree of the victim’s constrained autonomy, and the evidentiary burden borne by victims. The contribution of this article lies in proposing a more precise doctrinal approach to distinguishing punishable conduct from victimization-driven conduct in trafficking cases, thereby ensuring that Article 18 functions as an effective instrument of victim protection rather than a formal guarantee that remains difficult to implement in practice.

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  • University of Brawijaya
  • Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia
  • University of Malaya
  • University of Mataram
  • Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim
  • Indonesia Defense University
  • Universitas Katolik Darma Cendika
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  • Organisasi berbeda
  • Organisasi sama
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Fransiska Ayulistya SusantoUniversity of Brawijaya3
Mohd Hazmi Mohd RusliUniversiti Sains Islam Malaysia2
Moh. FadliUniversity of Brawijaya2
Ariesta Wibisono AndityaUniversity of Malaya2
Natalia MaharaniUniversity of Brawijaya2
Setyo WidagdoUniversity of Brawijaya2
Sukardi SukardiUniversity of Mataram1
Diah Pawestri MaharaniUniversity of Brawijaya1
Mustafa LuthfiUniversitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim1
Adi KusumaningrumUniversity of Brawijaya1
Lukman Yudho PrakosoIndonesia Defense University1
Nuddin HarahabUniversity of Brawijaya1
Rangga Vandy WardanaUniversity of Brawijaya1
Fachrizal AfandiUniversity of Brawijaya1
Shinta HadiyantinaUniversity of Brawijaya1
Dewi CahyandariUniversity of Brawijaya1
Prija DjatmikaUniversity of Brawijaya1
Heru KurniawanUniversity of Brawijaya1
Retno Dewi Pulung SariUniversitas Katolik Darma Cendika1
I Nyoman NurjayaUniversity of Brawijaya1
Sequito MonteiroUniversidade de Díli1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://jurnalius.ac.id/ojs/index.php/jurnalIUS/oai, pertama di-harvest 9 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 9 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Criminal Liability and the Non Punishment Principle for Trafficking Victims in Indonesia</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Natalia</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Widagdo, Setyo</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Istiqomah, Milda</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Puspitawati, Dhiana</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Criminal Liabilty</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Human Trafficking</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Legal Framework;</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Principle of Non-Punitive</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US"> The non-punishment principle for trafficking victims is recognized in Article 18 of Law Number 21 of 2007 on the Eradication of the Crime of Trafficking in Persons, which stipulates that victims who commit criminal acts as a result of coercion by traffickers shall not be subject to punishment. However, this provision does not clearly define the doctrinal parameters of coercion, nor does it explain how criminal liability should be assessed when an unlawful act is committed within conditions of exploitation, dependence, intimidation, or constrained autonomy. This article examines the relationship between criminal liability and the non-punishment principle for trafficking victims in Indonesia. It employs normative legal research by analyzing statutory regulations, criminal law doctrine, international instruments, and relevant scholarly literature. The study finds that the non-punishment principle should not be understood merely as a procedural exemption from punishment, but rather as a doctrinal mechanism for excluding culpability where the victim’s conduct is directly connected to trafficking-related coercion. It further argues that Indonesian law requires a more clearly articulated framework for assessing coercion, including the causal relationship between trafficking and the offense, the degree of the victim’s constrained autonomy, and the evidentiary burden borne by victims. The contribution of this article lies in proposing a more precise doctrinal approach to distinguishing punishable conduct from victimization-driven conduct in trafficking cases, thereby ensuring that Article 18 functions as an effective instrument of victim protection rather than a formal guarantee that remains difficult to implement in practice.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Magister of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Mataram</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-04-27</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US">Peer-Reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://jurnalius.ac.id/ojs/index.php/jurnalIUS/article/view/1820</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.29303/ius.v14i1.1820</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan; Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan; 107-121</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2477-815X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2303-3827</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.29303/ius.v14i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://jurnalius.ac.id/ojs/index.php/jurnalIUS/article/view/1820/705</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2026 Natalia Maharani, Setyo Widagdo, Milda Istiqomah, Dhiana Puspitawati</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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