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Legal Uncertainty and Structural Injustice of Platform Workers: Reasserting the State’s Responsibility in Legal Protection

Jurnal IUS (Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan) · Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026) · hlm. 159–181

DOI
10.29303/ius.v14i1.1872
ISSN
2477-815X, 2303-3827
Terbit
2026-04-30
Penerbit
Magister of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Mataram
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

The development of the platform economy in Indonesia has significantly transformed employment patterns, yet this transformation has not been companied by an adequate legal framework, resulting in legal uncertainty and structural injustice. This study aims to examine the structural roots of such uncertainty, analyse the problems in the relationship between platform companies and workers, and reaffirm the state’s responsibility to ensure legal certainty. Adopting an empirical juridical method with doctrinal and non-doctrinal approaches, the study finds that legal uncertainty is driven by multidimensional factors. These include the failure to internalise justice principles in the protection of platform workers, regulatory framework that remain ad hoc, sectoral, and frequently changing, a political configuration influenced by market logic and capitalism, and a gap between the evolving practices of platform work and the existing legal framework. These conditions create ambiguity in worker status and reinforce structural injustice in employment relations. In this context, the state is required to perform a corrective function to address structural inequality by recognising worker status, providing protection that ensures legal certainty and effectiveness, and regulating the distribution of economic risks and benefits in a fair and proportional manner. This study proposes a conceptual framework based on three pillars—recognition, protection, and redistribution—as a foundation for adaptive and progressive legal reform, while also contributing theoretically and practically to the development of labour law in the digital era.

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  • Robert Gordon University
  • University of Technology Malaysia
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Ridwan ArifinAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Bayangsari WedhatamiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Riska AlkadriAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Fraz Ashraf KhanAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Heris SuhendarAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Farahdilah GhazaliAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Abdul Haseeb AnsariAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Muhamad Sayuti HassanAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Putu SamawatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Nashriana NashrianaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Vera NoviantiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
AYON DINIYANTOAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Bunga Desyana PratamiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Shofian bin AhmadAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Nurul Aini BaniUniversity of Technology Malaysia1
Firdaus Muhammad‐SukkiRobert Gordon University1
Abdullahi Abubakar Mas’udAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Mu’azu Mohammed AbdullahiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ibrahim Abubakar Mas’udAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Jorge Alfredo Ardila-ReyAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ahmad Shakir Mohd SaudiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Asan Vernyuy WirbaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Iza Rumesten RSAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Saut Parulian PanjaitanAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Joni EmirsonAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Iqbal KamalludinAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Raihanah AbdullahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://jurnalius.ac.id/ojs/index.php/jurnalIUS/oai, pertama di-harvest 9 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 9 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Legal Uncertainty and Structural Injustice of Platform Workers: Reasserting the State’s Responsibility in Legal Protection </dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Sofiani, Trianah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Suci Flambonita</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Yunas Derta Luluardi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Ridoan Karim</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Ambiguity</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Injustice</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Legal certainty</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Platform workers</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Welfare state</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">The development of the platform economy in Indonesia has significantly transformed employment patterns, yet this transformation has not been companied by an adequate legal framework, resulting in legal uncertainty and structural injustice. This study aims to examine the structural roots of such uncertainty, analyse the problems in the relationship between platform companies and workers, and reaffirm the state’s responsibility to ensure legal certainty. Adopting an empirical juridical method with doctrinal and non-doctrinal approaches, the study finds that legal uncertainty is driven by multidimensional factors. These include the failure to internalise justice principles in the protection of platform workers, regulatory framework that remain ad hoc, sectoral, and frequently changing, a political configuration influenced by market logic and capitalism, and a gap between the evolving practices of platform work and the existing legal framework. These conditions create ambiguity in worker status and reinforce structural injustice in employment relations. In this context, the state is required to perform a corrective function to address structural inequality by recognising worker status, providing protection that ensures legal certainty and effectiveness, and regulating the distribution of economic risks and benefits in a fair and proportional manner. This study proposes a conceptual framework based on three pillars—recognition, protection, and redistribution—as a foundation for adaptive and progressive legal reform, while also contributing theoretically and practically to the development of labour law in the digital era.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Magister of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Mataram</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-04-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US">Peer-Reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://jurnalius.ac.id/ojs/index.php/jurnalIUS/article/view/1872</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.29303/ius.v14i1.1872</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan; Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan; 159-181</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2477-815X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2303-3827</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.29303/ius.v14i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://jurnalius.ac.id/ojs/index.php/jurnalIUS/article/view/1872/708</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2026 Trianah  Sofiani, Suci Flambonita, Yunas Derta Luluardi, Ridoan Karim</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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